Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Microwave Range
MOST PRACTICAL RANGE ALCATEL MW RANGE Microwave range starts from .3Ghz to 300Ghz FROM 1 GHz TO 100 GHz 7-8-13-15-18-23-25-28-38 GHz
ADVANTAGES OF MW
1. 2. 3.
1- COST EFFECTIVE. 2- SINGLE POINT MAINTENANCE. 3- QUICK DEPLOYMENT ACROSS RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS.
TYPES OF LINKS
PDH
SDH
SYHCRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY STM-1,STM-4,STM16,STM-64. PRACTICALLY (Pakistan) USED STM-1 & XPIC(2STM-1)
PDH
AUDIO FREQUENCY =3.4 Khz SAMPLING RATE = 8Khz sample/sec
INTELIGIBILITY NOT DISTURBED TO AVOID ALISING
DATA RATE = (8bits/sample )(8khz samples/sec)= 64kbps E0 = 64kbps E1 = (32 )(64Kbps) = 2.048 Mbps
(32 CHANNELS, FIRST USED FOR SYNCHRONISATION & 16TH SIGNALING)
SDH
DATA RATE
EQUILENT PDH
63E1 252E1 1008E1 4032E1
155.52 Mbps 4*155.52 = 622.08 Mbps 4*622.08 = 2.488 Gbps 4*2.488 = 9.953 Gbps
TYPES OF LINKS
1.2 TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CONFIGURATION
1+0 1+1
(EQUIPMENT PROTECTION)
1+1 FD
(CHANNEL PROTECTION)
LINK BUDGET
RF filter loss
IF filter loss
MW DISH GAINS
DISH GAIN DEPENDS UPON FREQUENCY AND SIZE AND DISH TYPE
RADIO MODEL
EMISSION DESIGNATAR
EMISSION DESIGNATAR
Emission designator
FREQUENCY CHANNELS
FREQUENCY
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
F0
+10
+20
+30
+40
+50
FREQUENCY (MHz)
LINK BUDGET
EIRP ( EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER)
EIRP IS ACTUAL RF POWER MEASURED AS MEASURED IN THE MAIN LOOB.
LINK BUDGET
FREE SPACE LOSS
The Free Space Loss is predictable and given by the formula.
FSL = 92.4 + 20Log D + 20Log F FSL = Free Space Loss (dB) F D FSL = = Frequency of transmission (GHz) = Distance between antennas (km).
RX SIGNAL (dBm)
RX Signal = EIRP - FSL + RX Antenna Gain Coax Cable Loss
RX Signal = 68.70dBm -140.29 + 46.4 dBi 1.7dBm = -26.86dbm BY INCLUDING REGIONAL EFFECTS (PATH DEPENDENT LOSSES) RSL = -26.86 -1.46 = 28.32 dBm.
LINK BUDGET
Most agree that 20 dB or more is quite adequate. Some think as low as 14 dB is still good.
POLARIZATION
ORIENTATION OF ELECTRIC COMPANENT OF EM WAVE WITH RESPECT TO GROUND TYPES USED IN MW LINKS HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
CHOICE CRITERIA : VERTICAL POLARIZATION IS PREFFERED BECAUSE IT IS LESS PRONE TO NOISE & FADING, BUT TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WE ALSO USE HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION.
LEDs FUNCTIONS
ON
GREEN WHEN POWERED ON OUT DOOR UNIT WORKING
ODUW (
LDI
LEDs FUNCTIONS
EOW (ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE)
EOW IS COMMUNICATION PATH FOR VOICE OR DATA THIS IS TRI STSTE LED
1- GREEN
2- YELLOW 3- YELLOW BLINKING
ATTD (ATTENDED)
YELLOW IT IS ON WHEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BUTTON HAS BEEN PUSHED
IDU
MAIN IDU
IDU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AND TURN ON YELLOW LED.
(PUSH BUTTON)
THIS PUSH BUTTON IS USED FOR CALL .IT TURNS OFF LEDs MAJ/MIN
LAMP TEST
(PUSH BUTTON)
RESET
(PUSH BUTTON)
IDU
TPH (
TELEPHONE PORT RJ-11)
EOW TELEPHONE RJ11 PORT.
RJ-45 PORT
2- ORANGE BLINKING
TX OR RX ACTIVITY
RS-232 INTERFACE
IDU
8E1/DS1 (
37 PIN D-SUB FEMALE CONNECTOR)
NMS-V11
USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.
1+1 INTERCONNECTION
IDU
POWER OPTIONS
(3 PIN CONNECTOR)
20% (9.6)
20% (4.8) 20% (9.6)
123-
48 TO
24 VDC 48 TO
60 VDC
60 VDC
WHY WE USE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE ( e.g. -48VDC) ? TO MINIMIZE THE INTERNAL NOISE
IN VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS EQUIPMENT TO GROUND SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS LESS IN + VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS FROM GROUND TO EQUIPMENT SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS HIGH
COMMISSIONING
STARTING THE CRAFT TERMINAL
SUPERVISION ---------> START
COMMISSIONING
SHOW EQUIPMENT
COMMISSIONING
USER NAME = initial Password = initialing
commissioning
commissioning
POWER CONTROL METHODS RTPC (RTPC STANDS FOR RADIO TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL ATPC
(AUTOMATIC TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL) IN THIS CONFIGURATION WE SELECT THRESHOLD FOR THE POWER CONTROL ATPC MIN POWER ATPC MAX POWER RX THRESHOLD LEVEL 4 dbm 24dbm -50 to-100 dbm
ATPC MAX VALUE DEPENDS UPON ACHIEVED RSL AND RX THRESHOLD LEVEL
MTPC
IN THIS POWER CONTROL METHOD THE TRANSMITTING POWER IS SET BY DEFAULT TO MAXIMUM VALUE,IF WE WANT TO REDUCE TX POWER WE HAVE TO INTRODUCE ATTENEUATION IN IT.
ATPC SETTINGS
COMMISSIONING
SHIFTER & CF
SHIFTER & CENTRAL FREQUENCY(CF)
FOR EASY IDENTIFICATION 1&2 ARE CONSIDRED TO BE LOW AND 1P & 2P ARE HIGH SHIFTER = HIGH FREQ LOW FREQ Unis of the above entries mhz
commissioning
STATUS CHECKING
RSL CHECKING
RSL CHECK
IF FREQUENCY
IF FREQUENCY (INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCE)
BAND SPECIFIC ( AM,FM, VESTEGIAL ,MW etc) &
&
IF TX FREQUENCY IF RX FREQUENCY = 850 Mhz = 450 Mhz
IF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS
IF TX FREQUENCY IF RX FREQUENCY
MW DISH PARTS
REFLECTOR
CONVERGE THE INCOMMING WAVES TO FEED HORN & DIVERGE THE OUTGOING WAVES TO REFLECTOR .
FEEDHORN
THIS IS FEED MECHANISM.
SHROUDER
ALLIGN THE MISS ALIGN WAVES TO MINIMISE DIFFEREACTION & REFLECTION TO
MINIMIZE THE INTEFERENCE.
RADOME
TO PROTECT THE REFLECTOR & FEED HORN AGAINST DUST, WATER etc.
ASSEMBLY
TO ATTACHE THE DISH WITH POLE.
Check the flash card version. if the flash card is of version 2.0.2 or 2.0.3 then up gradation is required. CD of the required version. Insert the CD & make the path. After up gradation activate the upgraded version.
TX MUTE
This option helps you to avoid interference during Alignment of new link in the congested environment. Also used during alignment of SD links and XPIC links.
EVENT LOG
Event log is very useful for the links which flactuates during night hours,at that time you are not on the site and you want to know the reason of fluctuations .
EVENT LOG
EVENT LOG
Loop Back
RF LOOP BACK
BY RF LOOP BACK YOU CAN CHECK YOUR HARDWARE (IDU,ODU,IF CABLE,CONNECTORS),THAT THEY ARE WORKING PROPERLY
BACK UP 17
BY using this option we can save NE configuration on CT( craft terminal) Write the suitable filename then click on confirm Backup to make the Back up on CT.
By pressing the Reset previous configuration will be cancelled & new is applied. To activate new configuration click MIB Click activate
RESET BY SOFTWARE
YOU CAN RESET NE FROM THIS OPTION.
BBE (Background block error) An error block which is not part of SES. UAS (Unavailable seconds) Unavailable time begins after 10 consecutive SES.
PERFORMANCE
SES EXPLANATION
EQUIPMENT ALARM
Alarm Replaceable Unit Problem
Problem on a replaceable Unit Replace the Unit
RADIO ALARM
Cable LOS
Problem on the IDU/ODU link cable or on the ODU itself.
Check the cable (disconnected, loose connection, cut, short circuited, defective connector etc) If the alarm remains, change the ODU.
Incompatible Frequency
Frequency configuration setting incompatible with the ODU specs
Adjust the frequency setting with the ODU frequency range or change the ODU.
Incompatible PTx
(ODU) Output power out of range
Tx fail
(ODU) Transmitter failure Replace the ODU
RADIO ALARM
Mod fail
(ODU) modulator failure Replace the ODU