ETC in: Eukaryotes collection of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria Cristae- infoldings of the inner membrane

Prokaryotes found in the plasma membrane. Most components are proteins in nature. Multiprotein complexes(1 to 4) Contain prosthetic groups

During electron transport electron carriers alternate between reduced and oxidised. Entry of electron in an EC from uphill EC reduced Exit of electron from an EC to downhill EC oxidised. DownhillEC more electronegative than their uphill EC.

NADH from glycolysis and krebs cycle transfer electrons to Complex 1. Complex 1 flavoprotein, named after its prosthetic group, flavin mononucleotide(FMN) Flavoprotein oxidises when passing electrons to an iron-sulfur protein (Fe-s in complex 1)

FADH2 reduced product of Citric acid cycle Transfers electrons to complex 2 Complex 2 lower energy level than complex 1

Not a protein Small and hydrophobic in nature Individually mobile within the membrane Fe-S group of complex 1 and 2 transfer their electrons to ubiquinone. The latter is reduced while the 2 complexes return back to their oxidized state

Remaining carriers between ubiquinone and water. Protein in nature Prosthetic group heme ETC has different kinds of cytochromes, different proteins with slightly different heme groups also. cyta3 last cytochrome, gives electrons to final acceptor Oxygen A pair of hydrogen ions is also picked up for each oxygen atom forming water.

ATP synthase enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and pi In eukaryotes found embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria In prokaryotes in plasma membrane ATP synthase makes use of existing ion gradient to fund synthesis of ATP Ion gradient H+ gradient across inner membrane of mitochondrion Chemiosmosis carrying out cellular work using energy stored in the form of H+ ion gradient across a membrane.

ATP synthase multisubunit complex with four main parts Each part multiple polypeptides H+ ions move one by one into binding sites on one of the parts, resulting in spinning of the rotor in a way to catalyse ATP production

ETC energy converter Makes use of exergonic flow of electrons to pump H+ into intermembrane space. Protons tendency to flow back towards the matrix( down its concentration gradient) The membrane then, offers only one route or exit ATP synthase

Proton motive force the H+ gradient generated when H+ is pumped into the intermembrane space. Chemiosmosis an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work.