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HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

Technical Seminar Report On

“High Performance Computing”


Technical Seminar

under the guidance of


Mr. R.K. Shial
submitted by

JYOTIMAN PRUSTY CS200118022

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

INTRODUCTION

• Computing environment or a computer hardware system


for massive and fast computation.
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• Sometime referred as supercomputing or super-computer.


• Maximum amount of computations in a minimum amount of
time.
• Used in scientific and engineering fields.
• Performance more than 1gigaflop.
• Cost is more.

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

PARALLEL COMPUTING
A collection of processing elements that can communicate and
cooperate to solve large problems more quickly than a single
processing.
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TYPE OF PARALLELISM
 Overt
• Parallelism is visible to the programmer
• May be difficult to program (correctly)
• Large improvements in performance
 Covert
• Parallelism is not visible to the programmer
• Compiler responsible for parallelism
• Easy to do

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

PROCESSORS

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
 Vector
• Large rows of data are operated on simultaneously.
 Scalar
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• Data is operated in a sequential fashion.

ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATIONS
 SISD Machines
• Conventional single processor computers.
• The various circuits of the CPU are split up into functional
• units which are arranged into a pipeline.
• Each functional unit operates on the result of the previous
• functional unit during a clock cycle.
Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

PROCESSORS(cont..)

 SIMD Machines
• Single CPU devoted to control a large collection
of subordinate processors.
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• Each processor has its own local memory.


• Each processor runs the same program.
• Each processor processes different data streams.
• Each subordinate either executes the instruction
or sits idle.

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

PROCESSORS(cont..)

 MISD Machines
• Multiple instructions should act on a single stream of data.
• No practical machine in this class has been constructed.
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 MIMD Machines
• Multiple processors(own or shared memory).
• Each processor can run the same or different programs.
• Each processor processes different data streams.
• Processors can work synchronously or asynchronously.
• Processors can be either tightly or loosely coupled.
•There are shared-memory systems and distributed-memory
• systems.

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

MEMORY ORGANIZATION

 SHARED MEMORY
• One common memory block between all processors
• One common bus for all processors
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Fig-1 Fig-2

• Utilizes (complex) inter-connected network to connect


processors to shared memory module

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

MEMORY ORGANIZATION(Cont..)

 DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
• Each processor has private memory.
• Contents of private memory can only be accessed
by that processor.
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• In general, machines can be scaled to thousands of


processors.
• Requires special programming techniques.

Fig-3

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

MEMORY ORGANIZATION(Cont..)
 VIRTUAL SHARED MEMORY
• Objective is to have the scalability of distributed
• memory with shared memory.
• Global address space mapped onto physically
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• distributed memory.
• Data moves between processors on demand.

Fig-4

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

PARALLEL PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

A process is an instance of a program or subprogram


executing autonomously on a processor.
 Processes can be considered running or blocked.
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 A single-program and multiple-data.


 In shared memory programming processes have a parent.
 In distributed memory programming message passing used.
 Data parallelism- data structure is distributed among the
processes, and the individual processes execute the same
instructions on the parts of data structure.

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

AREAS OF HPC USE

 Weather forecasting
 Earth quake prediction
 River solution simulation
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 Air pollution
 Aircraft simulations
 Gene sequencing and mapping
 Artificial intelligence
 Computer Graphics
 Geophysical/Petroleum Modeling
 Database Applications

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

DISADVANTAGES

 More costly
 More complex
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 Individual processor speed is not concerned.


 Problems of high overhead and the difficulty of writing
programs.
 Number of bugs Increases

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

CONCLUSION

The present supercomputing trends indicate the supercomputer of


tomorrow will work faster, solve even more complex problems, and
provide wider access to supercomputing power . HPC played a
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crucial role in the advancement of knowledge and the quality of life.

Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty


HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

Thank you!!!
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Presented by : Jyotiman Prusty

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