1

Example of auxiliary view

2
Projections including auxiliary view
3
Primary auxiliary view (on a plane perpendicular
to one of the principle planes)
AUXILIARY PLANE
FV
TV
SV
PRIMARY
AUXILIARY
VIEW
Exact dimensions and shape can be
seen without any calculations
Plane is rotated about
the line of intersection
Fold line,
Reference line,
Reference axis
Q. Auxiliary plane is perpendicular to which
principal plane and at an angle (other than
90
o
) to which principal plane ?
4
AUXILIARY VERTICAL PLANE
(AVP)- (perpendicular to HP, at an angle to VP)
AVP
Auxiliary Vertical Plane
a
a
VP
HP
A
a
a
a
1

a
a
a
1

o
o
1
Procedure for drawing auxiliary view
Draw x
1
y
1
at an angle a to xy
Draw aa
1
perpendicular to x
1
y
1
such
that a
1
o
1
= ao
x y
o
o
1
ao = a
1
o
1
Auxiliary Front View
Auxiliary Front View
x
1
y
5
AUXILIARY INCLINED PLANE (AIP)- perpendicular to
VP and inclined to HP
A
a
a
o
o
1
a
1

90
O
VP
HP
a
a
o
o
1
x y
a
1

b
a
1
o
1
= ao
b
Procedure for projecting A on AIP:
Draw front and top view a and a respectively
Draw x
1
y
1
such that it makes an angle b with xy
Project a
1
on AIP by drawing a line aa
1
such that aa
1
is
perpendicular to x
1
y
1
and a
1
o
1
= ao
Auxiliary Top View
Auxiliary Top View
6
Distances Aa (point to front view)= ao (in top view which is
perpendicular to front view)= a
1
o
1
(in auxiliary view, which is also
perpendicular to front view)

FV
TV
Lines with same color have the same length
When 2 planes are perpendicular to the same third plane the
distances of the projection of a point from the reference line
(junction line) of 1
st.
2 planes is the same
A
a
a
a
1

a
1

a
a
o
o
1
o
o
1
A line drawn parallel to the edges will join
the two projected points a and a
1
PROJECTIONS OF PT. A
AIP
7
Draw the auxiliary view of a plane ABC on a plane which is perpendicular to the frontal plane and
inclined at an angle of 45
o
to the top plane. Draw another auxiliary view on a plane which is
perpendicular to the top plane and inclined at an angle 60
o
to the frontal plane. Given
A(50,10,30), B(10,40,0), C(10,30,50)
USE III rd ANGLE
T
F
X
Y
Z
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
60
o
45
o
O
b
c
a
b
c
a
a
1

c
1

b
1

a
1

c
1

b
1

x
1
y
1
x
2
y
2
Distance of a
1
from x
1
y
1
= distance of a from OZ
Distance of b
1
from x
1
y
1
= distance of b from OZ
Distance of c
1
from x
1
y
1
= distance of c from OZ
Distance of a
1
from x
2
y
2
= distance of a from OZ
Distance of b
1
from x
2
y
2
= distance of b from OZ
Distance of c
1
from x
2
y
2
= distance of c from OZ
20 10 50
8
Projection of a cuboid on 2 auxiliary planes
a, e b, f
d, h c, g
b, c a, d
e, h
f, g
f
1
b
1
e
1
a
1
d
1
c
1
g
1
h1

x y
y
1
c
2
g
2
e
2
a
2
b
2
f
2
d
2
h
2
a

x
1
b

TV
FV
The figure shows the front view and
top view of a cuboid
From these views, the auxiliary views
are drawn on 2 planes:
i) Perpendicular to the top plane and
at an angle a to the frontal plane,
ii) perpendicular to the frontal plane
and at an angle b to the top plane
X
2
y
2
is the junction line of plane
perpendicular to the horizontal plane
and the horizontal plane, hence drawn
in the top view
X
1
y
1
is the junction line of the plane
perpendicular to the front view and the
front view, hence drawn in the front
view
x
2
y
2
Fold line
Viewing direction
Viewing direction
SECONDARY AUXILIARY VIEW
Required when the plane of view is oblique or not
perpendicular to any of the principal planes.

First draw front and top views.

A primary auxiliary view is drawn first (which is perpendicular
to one of the principal planes) with the view in a suitable
direction.

A secondary auxiliary view is drawn on a plane that is
perpendicular to the primary auxiliary view at an angle such
that the appropriate view of the required feature is obtained.
T
1
c1
a1
b1d1
o1
c
a
d
o
da
b
cb
o
b2
d2
a2
c2o2
Given Top and Front views of a square
pyramid. Obtain a view of the pyramid with
edge oc viewed as a point.
T
F
1 2
-Axis for PAV is parallel to oc in the Top view.

-Axis for SAV is perpendicular to c1o1.

-o1c1 is the True Length. c2o2 overlap in the secondary
auxiliary view

Primary
auxiliary view
(PAV)
Secondary
auxiliary view
(SAV)
NOTE
All outermost lines or curves of a view are
visible (solid).

Lines and curves joining the point closest to
the axis in the previous view will be visible
(solid)

Rest of the lines and curves may or may not
be hidden (drawn dashed)
Distances:
Primary auxiliary view
e
1
, f
1
, a
1
, b
1
from x
1
y
1
= e, f, a, b from xy
h
1
, g
1
, d
1
, c
1
from x
1
y
1
= h, g, d, c from xy
respectively

Secondary auxiliary view
e, f, a, b from x
1
y
1
= e
2
, f
2
, a
2
, b
2
from x
2
y
2
h, g, d, c from x
1
y
1
= h
2
, g
2
, d
2
, c
2
from x
2
y
2
respectively
Secondary auxiliary view of a cube
PA plane at 45
o
to Front and perpendicular to Top. SA plane is 60
o
to Top and perpendicular to PAP
Direction of view is
perpendicular to the fold line
e,h f, g
a, d b, c
a, e
d, h c, g
b, f
45
o
x
y
60
o
f
1,
a
1
g
1,
d
1
e
1
h
1
b
1
c
1
a
2
f
2
d
2
g
2
c
2
e
2
b
2
h
2
TV
FV