Comp4 Unit10b Lecture Slides

Introduction to Information and
Computer Science
The Future of Computing
Lecture b
This material (Comp4_Unit10b) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.
Introduction Lecture b
Describe the latest advances in technology
(Lecture a, b)
Discuss the implications of advances in
technology for healthcare systems, including
potential risks (Lecture a, b)
2
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Lecture b
Cloud Computing
"Cloud computing is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction. (NIST, 2011)
Lecture b
3
Distributed Computing
Sharing the processing workload between
connected computer systems
SETI@home
examines radio telescope data for signs of
intelligence using computers connected over
the Internet
volunteer computing resources
Lecture b
4
Cloud Computing Characteristics
On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured service

Lecture b
5

Cloud Computing Service Models

Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Lecture b
6
Deployment Models
Private cloud
Community cloud
Public cloud
Hybrid cloud

Lecture b
7
Virtualization
Multiple virtual computer systems running on a
single physical system
Component of cloud computing
Not a new idea; IBMs Virtual Machine
Facility/370 released in 1972
Each user appeared to have a dedicated system
Lecture b
8
Hypervisor
Virtual systems do not have to be the same
operating system or instruction set as the
physical hardware
Virtual systems are managed on the physical
system by a hypervisor
The hypervisor emulates the instruction set of
the virtual hardware
Available through open-source software and
commercial vendors
Lecture b
9
Cloud Computing Issues
Access
Security
Lecture b
10
Social Implications
Computers have changed the way people communicate
E-mail
Instant messaging
VoIP
Video
SMS
Social networks
Local based services
Personal health records
Privacy
Lecture b
11
E-mail
Most individuals in the United States now have
an e-mail address
Initially limited to text
Multi-media capabilities added
Easy to spoof sender address
90% of all e-mail is estimated to be spam
Rejected by ISPs or mail servers
Lecture b
12
Instant Messaging
Initially used to communicate to computer
mainframe operators
Could communicate between users on same
system
Can now be used to send text between users
over global Internet

Lecture b
13
Video and Voice-Over IP
Makes calls over the internet to another VoIP
phone
VoIP only phones available from commercial
vendors
Soft phones available which use computer
microphone and speakers
Commercial voice and video services, often at
no cost to users
Lecture b
14
Short Message Service
Text messaging
Shorthand language
Emoticons
Lecture b
15
Social Networks
SixDegrees (1997)
Friendster (2002)
LinkedIn, MySpace (2003)
Facebook, Twitter (2006)
Lecture b
16
Location Based Services
GPS in many mobile devices
Can identify local services
Can also provide information on an individuals
location to others
Extends to social networking services
Lecture b
17
Personal Health Records
May be stored on a personal computer
May be on personal storage device
Moving towards web-based services
Microsoft HealthVault
Lecture b
18
Privacy
Increasing on-line presence
Increases in customized content delivery
Individual reputation over time
The internet is forever
Privacy of medical records
HHS breach list
Lecture b
19
Ubiquitous Computing
Computers have become portable
Laptops since the 1990s
Netbooks since the early 2000s
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

Computers are everywhere
Cars
TVs
Home appliances
Lecture b
20
Personal Area Networks (PANs)
Bluetooth
Wireless connection
1 to 100 meter range connection radius
Used for mice, keyboards, headsets, etc.
Lecture b
21
Implications For Healthcare
Telemedicine
Brings the doctor to the patient
Uses
Internet
Integrated audio and video capabilities
Clinical decision support
Elder care monitoring
Individualized health care
Lecture b
22
Risks of Technology in Healthcare
Side effects of using new technology example:
radiology
Potential for more false positive test results
Higher healthcare costs
Intended and unintended consequences of
technology implementations
23
Lecture b
Summary Lecture b
Cloud computing
Social implications
Ubiquitous computing
Affect on healthcare systems
24
Lecture b
Summary
Decrease in system size and increase in system
performance
Increasing options for system control
Movement to network applications
Changes in our society
Pervasiveness of computer technology
Futures:
Wearable systems?
Elimination of the keyboard?
Societal changes?
Changes in home health care?
Version 3.0/Spring 2012 25
Lecture b
Future of Computing
References Lecture b
References
AHIMA (2012). Choose a PHR. http://www.myphr.com/resources/choose.aspx. Retrieved January 2012, from
AHIMA website: http://www.ahima.org/.
Alfonsi, Sharyn and Hutchison, Courtney. More Americans Using High-Tech Medicine, CDC Finds. (2010 February
17). Retrieved Jan 2012 from the ABC News website: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/technology-
medicine/story?id=9864930#.Tx-xgYGwVmp.
Boyd, D. M. and Ellison, N. B. (2008), Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 13: 210230. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
Bulling, Andreas; Gellersen, Hans (Oct.-Dec. 2010). Toward Mobile Eye-Based Human-Computer
Interaction, Pervasive Computing, IEEE , vol.9, no.4, pp.8-12,
doi: 10.1109/MPRV.2010.86.
Retrieved Jan 2012
from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5586690&isnumber=5586685.
Chapman, C.; Emmerich, W.; Marquez, F.G.; Clayman, S.; Galis, A.. (2011, April). The NIST Definition of Cloud
Computing: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Elastic Service Definition in
Computational Clouds, 327 -334. Network Operations and Management Symposium Workshops (NOMS Wksps),
2010 IEEE/IFIP. doi:10.1109/NOMSW.2010.5486555. Retrieved Jan 2012 from:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5486555&isnumber=5486527.
Crocker, D. (1982, August 13). STANDARD FOR THE FORMAT OF ARPA INTERNET TEXT MESSAGES ( RFC
# 822). Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Delaware. Retrieved Jan 2012 from RFC Editor website:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc822.txt.
Faust O, Shetty R, Sree SV, Acharya S, Acharya U R, Ng EY, Poo CK, Suri J., Towards the Systematic
Development of Medical Networking Technology. (2010, January 6). J Med Syst.
Fusco, SJ: Michael, K.; Michael, MG. "Exploring the Social Implications of Location Based Social Networking: An
inquiry into the perceived positive and negative impacts of using LBSN between friends" 9th IEEE International
Conference on Mobile Business. Ed. George Giaglis. Athens, Greece: IEEE, 2010.

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Lecture b
Future of Computing
References Lecture b (continued)
References
General Motors (September 2010). OnStar Relaunches Its Brand with Focus on Responsible Connectivity.
Retrieved Jan 2012 from:
http://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/onstar/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Sept/0915_onst
ar.
Goozner, Merrill. Rise of the Machine. (2010 February 11). Retrieved Jan 2012 from the Fiscal Times website:
http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2010/02/11/Rise-Of-The-Machines.aspx#page1.
Gum, P. H. 1983. System/370 extended architecture: facilities for virtual machines. IBM J. Res. Dev. 27, 6 (Nov.
1983), 530-544. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.276.0530.
Han, Y. Y., Carcillo JA, Venkataraman ST, Clark RS, Watson RS, Nguyen TC, Bayir H, Orr RA (2005, December).
Unexpected Increased Mortality After Implementation of a Commercially Sold Computerized Physician Order Entry
System. Pediatrics, 116(6):1506-12. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1287.
IBM Systems and Technology (February 2011). Watson--A System Designed for Answers. Retrieved Jan 2012
from the IBM Corporation website:
http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/pow03061usen/POW03061USEN.PDF.
International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) (2012). Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://www.cesweb.org/.
International Telecommunication Union (ITC) (2010). Measuring the Information Society Retrieved Jan 2012 from:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_Summary_E.pdf.
Lee, J. (2009, January 19). Is That an Emoticon in 1862? The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com
Microsoft HealthVault (nd.). http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/healthvault/, accessed Jan 2012.
Miriam Webster Dictionary (2012, nd.). Definition of Ubiquitous. Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/ubiquitous.
Neo, R. L. and Skoric, M. M. (2009), Problematic Instant Messaging Use. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 14: 627657. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01456.x.

27
Lecture b
Future of Computing
References Lecture b (continued)
References
NIST: Mell; Grance. (2011, September). The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: Recommendations of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST Institute of Standards and Technology: US Dept. of
Commerce, SP 800(145), 2. Retrieved Jan 2012 from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html#800-145.
Oikarinen, J.; Reed, D. (1993 May) UNIX For Beginners, Bell Laboratories internal memorandum. Internet Relay
Chat Protocol, RFC 1459. Retrieved Jan 2012 from RFC Editor website: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1459.txt.
Pavel, M.; Hayes, T.L.; Adami, A.; Jimison, H.; Kaye, J. (2006, August 30). Unobtrusive Assessment of Mobility.
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 6277-6280. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2006.260301. Retrieved Jan 2012
from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4463244&isnumber=4461641.
Rodrigues, J. P.; Oliveira, M.; Vaidya, B. (2010). New Trends on Ubiquitous Mobile Multimedia Applications.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2010, doi:10.1155/2010/689517
SETI@home (nd). http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/index.php. Retrieved January 2012, from University of California,
Berkeley website: http://www.berkeley.edu.
Simon, Stephanie (2011 March 28). Medicine on the Move: Mobile devices help improve treatment. Retrieved Jan
2012 from the Wall Street Journal website:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703559604576174842490398186.html.
The New Scientist, (2010, February 24). 205(2749), 44-45.
nest / Welcome Home. (2012). Retrieved January 2012, from nest website: http://www.nest.com.
US Department of Health and Human Services (2012). Breaches Affecting 500 or More Individuals.
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/breachtool.html. Retrieved January
2012, from US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) website: http://www.hhs.gov.

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Introduction to Information and

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