M/s Pragathi Labs & Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

Secunderabad - Visakhapatnam

Presented
By


Ambient Air Quality
Environment:- It is the interaction of living
with non-living matter.
Pollution:- The undesirable change in the
natural conditions of the environment.

SOURCE OF POLLUTION
PRIMARY, SECONDARY POLLUANTS
Rapid Pollution Strategies


Major
Environmental
Strategies
AIR POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTOIN
SOIL POLLUTION
BIODIVERSITY
DEPLETION
DEGRADATION
OF BIOMASS
Primary Air Polluants
Particulate Matter
Carbonmonoxide
Nitrogen Oxide
Sulfuric Acid
Volatile Organic Compound
PRIMARY POLLUANT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Primary Sources
Transpotation
Fuel Combustion
in Stationary
Sources
Industrial Process
Solid Waste
Disposal
Miscellaneous
AIR POLLUTION
Introduction:
The Change in Air Quality that imbalance the acceptable limits
of natural organisms.

It may also be considered as the concentrations of gases or
particles to which the natural species would be exposed to, as
opposed to the concentration of pollutants emitted by a
specific source.
The state of quality of the air in the surrounding environment is
the Ambient Air Quality.
Major Air Pollutants
Pollutants
Gaseous Emission
(SO
2
, NOx,CO,X)
Radioactive
compounds
Organic
Compounds
Natural
Pollutants
Dust
Finer, Coarse

SOURCES
Main Sources of Pollution:
Transportation Industrial Agriculture Commercial
27% 53% 10% 8%
Man made Sources:-
Industrial
Agricultural
Vehicular
Deforestation
Power generation
Mining
Waste treatment plants
Nuclear
Natural sources:- Pollen grain, Fungal spores etc.
Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality
Principle:- to check the deterioration of air
quality caused by local human activity.
Control Systems:- Respirable Dust Sampler
Fine Dust Sampler.
Parameters of Monitoring:- SPM( TPM<100)
RPM(<10)
PM2.5(2.5)
SO
2
, NOx, CO

Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
(Diameter <100 Micrometers)
PM 10
(Diameter10 Micro meters)
PM2.5
(Diameter2.5 Micro meter)
Particulates in AAQ
Manometer
Avg. Flow Rate:1.1m3/min
Vol. Of Air =Time X Manometer Reading
Air Flow Controls
DUST
GASES

Rota meter
Avg. Flow Rate of 24 hrs 0.1-0.2 LPM
Vol. Of Air =Time X Rota meter Reading
U shape manometer
SPM= Final Cone weight Initial Cone weight X 10
6
(g /m
3
) Vol. of air
RPM= Final F.P. weight Initial F.P. weight X 106
(g /m3) Vol. of air

SPM,RPM Calibration
Volume of Air = Time in minutes X Avg. Manometer Reading

CONTROL MODULES
FINE RESPIRABLE SAMPLER
(2.5/10)
Micron Inlet Assembly WINS Impactor
Schematic Diagram of IPM-FDS 2.5/10
Filter Paper 2.7 m
Diameter 42 mm /4.2 cm
PM 10 FILTER PAPER
Principle of Operation
Fine dust sampler Make-IPM-FDS (Instrumex, make) was used for PM
2.5

monitoring. The IPM-FDS-2.5 fine particle sampler consists of 2 sections.

The air inlet and impactor assembly
Main instrument case housing the WINS impactor, filter holder, Vacuum
pump, and control module.

FPS air inlet has a circular symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind
direction and keep out rain, insects and very large particles.

The inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage to trap particles with an
aerodynamic larger than 10 microns.

Thus air stream in the down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates.
The streamlined air flow of the down tube is accelerated through the nozzle of the
well shaped (WINS) impactor to trap medium size particulates with an aerodynamic
diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors due to the
tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction surface a 37 mm diameter
GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction surface.

The air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of only fine particulates with
an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 microns. These fine particles are
collected on a special Teflon PTFE membrane filter of 47 mm diameter.


Installation and Operation
For PM2.5 Sampling
The air inlet and Impactor assembly.
Main instrument case housing with WINS impactor, filter holder, vaccum pump
& Control Module.
During Transportation the air inlet assembly and PM 10 impactor section is
detached from the instrument case.
To set up the instrument for monitoring PM2.5 particles these steps are
to be followed.
1. Install the tripod stand and place the instrument over it.
2. Mount the WINS Impactor on the filter holder cover.
3. Open the WINS Impactor assembly and place a fresh 37mm diameter filter in
the case and pour in 1ml of silicone oil using a dropper.
4. Open the filter holder that follows the WINS Impactor and place the PTFE
46.2mm filter paper. Cover the filter holder and tighten the entire assembly.
5. IPM-FDS PM2.5 Sampler is now ready for PM2.5 Particle Sampling. Follow the
Instructions to operate the control module for sampling.


Installation and Operation
For PM10 Sampling

To set up the instrument for monitoring PM2.5 particles these steps are
to be followed.


1. Install the tripod stand and place the instrument over it.
2. Remove the air inlet and PM10 impactor assembly mounted on the top of the
sampler gently. Open the sampler door and remove the down-tube mounted
on the top of the WINS impactor.
3. Now remove the WINS impactor and place it on the stand provided at right
hand side corner of the instrument.
4. Place the air inlet and PM10 impactor assembly on the top of the down-tube.
5. Open the filter holder, place 47mm Glass fibre filter paper on it and cover the
filter holder tightening the entire assembly.
6. IPM-FDS PM2.5 Sampler is now ready for PM10 Particle Sampling. Follow
the Instructions to operate the control module for sampling.



Calculations
The PM 2.5 Concentration is calculated as
PM 2.5 = (Wf-Wi)/Va
Where
PM2.5 = Mass Concentration of PM2.5g/m
3

Wf, Wi = Final and Initial Weights respectively of
filter used to collect PM2.5 particle sample g
Va = Total Air Volume Sampled in actual Volume
Units as Mass Flow Meter in m
3

Pollutants Time
weighed
Concentration of Ambient Air Method of Measurement
Industrial
Area
(g/m
3
)
Residential
Area
(g/m
3
)
Sensitive Area
(g/m
3
)
SO
2
Annual 80

60

15

Improved West and Geake
Method
Ultra- violet Fluorescence
24
Hours
120

80

30

NOx Annual 80 60 15 Jacob & Hochheiesar modified
method
Gas Phase Chemiluminescence's
24
Hours
120 80 30
SPM Annual 360 140 70 High Volume Sampling
24
Hours
500 200 100
RPM Annual 120 60 50 Respirable Particulate Matter
Sampler
24
Hours
150 100 75
Lead Annual 1.0 0.75 0.50 ASS Method after sampling using
EPM 2000/ Equivalent filter
Paper.
24
Hours
1.5 1.0 0.75
Ammonia Annual 0.1 0.1 0.1 --------
24 Hours 0.4 0.4 0.4
CO 8 Hours 5.0 2.0 1.0 Non Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR)
Spectroscopy.
1 Hour 10.0 4.0 2.0
Method of Measurement
Particulate Matter IS 11255 ( Part 1)
Sulphur Dioxide-- is 1125 ( Part 2)
Flow Rate IS 11255 ( Part 3)
Hydrogen Sulphide IS 11255 ( Part 4)
and Carbon Disulphide
Total Fluoride IS 11255 ( Part 5)