INTRODUCTION

Acoustics can be defined as the study of the physical characteristics of sound.

Acoustic term can be used to describe the study of sound in general but the
subject of room acoustics is concerned with the control of sound within an
enclosed space.



lighting can be defined as equipment that produces light in a home,
workplace, theater and etc. Basically source of lighting in building have to way,
it is by natural and artificial

ACOUSTIC
CRITERIA OF GOOD ACOUSTIC
Adequate level sound.
Even distribution to all listener.
Background noise and external noise reduced to acceptable levels.
Adequate loudness in every part of the auditorium, especially in remote
seats.
The sound energy should be uniformly distributed within the room.
Optimum reverberation characteristics should be provided in the auditorium
to facilitate whatever function is required.
Free from acoustical defects (distinct echoes, flutter echoes, picket fence
echo, sound shadowing, room resonance, sound concentrations and
excessive reverberation).
Background noise and vibration should be sufficiently excluded in order not
to interfere in any way with the function of the enclosure.

THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD ACOUSTIC ARE
AS FOLLOWING:
ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION
REFLECTION
Sound is reflect in the same way as light, provided that the reflecting object is
larger than the wavelength of the sound concerned. The angle of reflection
equal the angle of incidence of the wave.

FIGURE 1.0: REFLCETION OF SOUNDWAVE
ABSORPTION
Absorption is a reduction of sound in the sound energy reflected from a
surface.

ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION
FIGURE 1.1: ABSORBING MATERIAL FOR REDUCTION
SOUND
REVERBERATION
Reverberation is the collection of reflected sounds from the surfaces in an
enclosure like an room.

ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION
FIGURE 1.3: REVERBERATION OF SOUND
REVERBERATION (CONTD)

HOW TO CONTROL SOUND REVERBERATION


Total room absorption and ensuring it is adequately provided.
Reducing room volume.
Panel absorbers and bass traps may have to be considered.
Sound-absorbing materials should be placed on those surfaces most likely
to produce acoustic defects.

ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION
ELIMINATION OF DEFECTS
FOLLOWING ARE THE WAYS TO ELIMINATE SOUNDS:

Echoes
Room resonance
Sound shadowing
Distortions
Coupled spaces
Sound concentration

CASE STUDY
PUSAT ISLAM UITM SHAH ALAM
Interview with :
En. Mohd Ku Shahrom Bin Kamis
( Assistant Director of the Architect )
Pn. Zaidatul Azni Binti Salleh
( Assistant Director of Civil Engineers)
Mohd Dzul Hatta Bin Abdul Kamal
( Technician at Pusat Islam)

Address :
Pejabat Pengurusan Fasiliti
Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Helpdesk: 603 5544 4444
Fax: 603 5521 1788

PUSAT ISLAM
CASE STUDY
PUSAT ISLAM UITM SHAH ALAM
HALL LAYOUT
STAGE POSITION
The stage position placed on the front at the middle corner.
The purpose of this design is firstly to make sure the audience can give an
attention on the presenter.
Second, to make sure the sound can distribute to all audiences and
audiences can get what the presenter try to give.
Third, the presenter can see all the audiences in the hall.

PICTURE 1.0: STAGE
CHAIR POSITION
The arrangement of chair was place each row. the arrangement of chair
should be place alternating from front chair.
The purpose to make sure all the audiences can see the stage without and
obstacle.
It also relate with how sound can flow to the audiences.
The chair will be place higher than front chair. Based on Mr. Dzul, this
arrangement to make sure the audiences get fully view.

HALL LAYOUT (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.1: CHAIR ARRANGEMENT
LIGHTING POSITION
The lamp will be place on the ceiling and put parallel with chair.
Total of square down light is 8 lamp and halogen light is 32 lamp.
The lamp can be control to dimmer and for suitable event.
The lamps design also to make installation and maintenance faster and
easier.

HALL LAYOUT (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.2: LIGHTING POSITION
PROJECTOR POSITION
Only one 6500 lumen projector that can be lowered down when it is time to
be used, and will be hide in the ceiling when not in use.
The position of projector place under ceiling and parallel on the first row
chair. Projector also in front on the stage.
The projector used because easy presenter to present. The projector was
put the middle because easy the audience to see.

HALL LAYOUT (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.3: PROJECTOR POSITION
POSITION OF SPEAKER
There are four speakers in the hall which the speaker placed at the edges of
the hall.
From the specific calculation of engineering, four speaker can support
sound to the entire of hall.

HALL LAYOUT (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.4: POSITION OF SPEAKER
CONTROL ROOM
control room was located at the back side of the hall.
A control room is a room serving as an operations center was a
facility or service can be monitored and controlled.
Control room was built there because its easy to control the
reflection of sound and visual from the far side.

HALL LAYOUT (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.5: CONTROL ROOM
CEILING
This hall used the suspended ceiling with sound proof to reflect the
sound from the sound source to be a clear tone to the audience.
This ceiling mounted with the airspace behind to absorb the echoes
sound and make the sound clearly to the listener.
The ceiling used the fiber board.

MATERIAL
PICTURE 1.6: PLASTER CEILING
WALL
The wall consist three layers.
First layer is timber ply, second is root wool (insulation wool) and the last
layer is fabric padded.
Fabric padded installed from the top of the wall until at the bottom but not
touched with the floor.
It designed at the areas that the sound wave application is very high where
sound reduction is of particular importance. (can control the noise).

MATERIAL (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.7: ABSORBING WALL
CHAIR/SEAT CUSHION
All seats in the hall are made by cushion.
The seats are cushioned which are designed to help absorb sound.
It can provide the acoustical performance to the hall where sound can easily
absorbed by the seats cushion to reduce echoes by sound frequency

MATERIAL (CONTD)
PICTURE 1.8: CUSHION
MATERIAL (CONTD)
FLOOR/CARPET
Carpet is placed on almost overall surfaces of the hall floor.
It will give the contemporary looks on the hall. Significantly reduces impact
noise by soundproofing footfalls.
Acoustic carpet underlay is designed as a replacement acoustic underlay
for carpets to give a superior reduction in impact noise through floors into
rooms below.

PICTURE 1.9: CARPET
ACOUSTIC
REFLECTION
Sound travel outwards from their source with diminishing intensity
until all the energy has been dissipated in the ever widening wave
front or loss as heat in the air itself.
By contrast, sound waves in a theater hall are repeatedly turned
back on themselves and bounced in cress-cross pattern throughout
the enclosure space.
The audience therefore hears not only the direct sound but also a
mixture of later and weaker sounds.

SOUND REFLECTION ON THE SURFACE
ABSORPTION
The sound will be absorbs by the elements that installed in that hall such as
carpet, ceiling, wall and seats.

LIGHTING
Dewan Muktamar only uses Artificial lighting.
The reason why Dewan Muktamar use this type of lighting is
because the purpose of Dewan Muktamar only for speech, seminar,
lecture and event, so it not necessary to have lighting system like in
theater.
This type of lighting will be installed at top or on the ceiling in the
purpose of give enough light to the audience.
At the stage also Dewan Muktamar also only use architectural
lighting as the purpose to the presenter read the text.
At the stage also it is dont have any necessary to have lighting
system as theater.


TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIGTHING
USED
SQUARE DOWN LIGHT
This type of light will be installed on the ceilings, which mean it will be
placed under ground floor of ceiling.
In Dewan Muktamar 1 & 2 they used 150mmx150mm square down light.

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIGTHING
USED (CONTD)
HALOGEN LIGHT C/W POWDER
Also known as a tungsten halogen lamp .Halogen lamp will be placed on
the ceiling.
The product basically by OSRAM because it can dim the light suit to the
events.
MAINTENANCE
FLOOR MAINTENANCE
For the floor maintenance, the carpet will be clean once a month.
The cleaning work is done using a cleaning machine to brush the carpet for
beautification, and for removal of stains, dirt, grit, and sand.

AUDIO VISUAL AND LIGHTING
For the audio visual and lighting maintenance, they make a regular
checking to know the status of the equipment whether it is good in condition
or not.
Repairing works will be conduct for any damaged equipment.



MAINTENANCE
CONCLUSION
Acoustic consideration may do not need in ordinary room, but in room like
auditorium, hall and theatre it need to be consider. Sound will be main
important role in room such as hall to make sure all audience can hear
clearly.

Based on report of case study, we identify the need of acoustic
consideration in hall and auditorium is very important. The construction
parties must noticed the need of which level of sound required, how much
sound tools need at the room. With the new technologies that appear in this
century, the efficiency of hall and auditorium performance can be achieves
without any doubt.

Therefore, with the new device and technology, the quality or performance
of acoustic even lighting can be improve. Its not only prepared the
equipment or material, but maintenance also need to be consider.
Frequently maintenance and inspection will help in providing a good
acoustic and lighting in auditorium, hall, even theatre.