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Heat Flux

KUMPULAN
VIJAY ANBALAGAN M20131000528
NOOR ASRUL ANUAR M20131000475
KELVIN KONG M20131000483
CHEN SOON KIONG M20131000468
CHONG LEE JOON M20131000484
SII MEE NA M20131000473
Definition of heat flux
Rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface

SI unit: W/m
2

Heat flux is the transfer of heat rate per unit area

But at a certain point in space among animals, we
have to consider some limiting factors influencing
heat flux





Measuring heat flux
The measurement of heat
flux is done by measuring
temperature differences over
a piece of material with non
thermal conductivity.

Steps to Measure Heat Flux (Fouriers Law)
1. The system parameters is measured.
Wall thickness (d) = uniform thickness of the
material through which heat is flowing
Thermal conductivity of this material = (k).
The measurement of the hot temperature is
called T
hot
.
Measure cold temperature is called T
cold
.
Steps to Measure Heat Flux (Fouriers Law)
2. Calculate heat transfer rate, Q
(units of energy per unit time)
Q = k*A(T
hot
- T
cold
)/d
A = an area of hot temperature

Steps to Measure Heat Flux (Fouriers Law)
3. Remove units of area, A, to get heat
flux, Q".
Divide Q by the area, A, you used to solve
for Q since Q" = Q/A.
*Note that you needed to include the
area in the original Q calculation to
cancel out the meter unit in the value
of k.

Mechanisms of heat loss and heat retention
Heat retention is facilitated with layers of blubber (fat) or
fur. As in penguins.
And also through surface area to volume ratios that are
approximately 23% smaller than those of terrestrial
mammals of comparable size.
In thinly covered areas, heat is loss via conduction or
convection. As in elephants ears.
Heat also can be lost through other poorly insulated
areas such as flippers.
Behavioral responses such as entering water or
increasing expose surface area also help dissipate heat.
Such as behaviors of kangaroos in licking themselves and
removing excess heat through evaporation.
Animals with higher surface area to volume ratio will lose heat at
a higher rate, and thus have higher mass-specific metabolic rates.

Types of heat transfer
Conduction A heat transfer involving two objects
in physical contact with each other.
Convection A heat transfer between a solid and a
liquid or a gas.
Radiation A heat transfer between two substances
that are not in contact.
Evaporation A loss of heat due to liquid water
phase changing into gaseous water

The image of the rabbits shows methods of how all four
heats transfer
References
Example Of Heat Tranfer By Conduction,
http://refusetopeak.com/example-of-heat-transfer-
by-conduction/, May 2 2013
Heat Transfer In Animals, Thermal Process In
Nature,
http://minerva.union.edu/linthicw/transfer.htm
Thermal Relation,
http://www.harding.edu/plummer/animphys/temp
erature.HTM, Hill et al., Ch 8, Updated 10
September 2005

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