Employee Attitudes

and Their Effects

Ali Tariq

The Nature of Attitudes

Attitudes are the feelings and beliefs that largely determine how
employees will perceive their environment , commit themselves
to intended actions and ultimately behave.


Attitudes form a mental set that affects how we view something
else ,much as a window provides a framework for our view into
or out of a building.
Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction: is a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings and
emotions with which employees view their work.Job satisfaction
is an affective attitude a feeling of relative like or dislike toward
something.

Individual focus : Job satisfaction typically refers to the attitudes
of a single employee but theres an important thing like moral, it
is for all group satisfaction.

Stability of a Job Satisfaction : Attitudes are generally acquired
over a long period of time.Similarly job satisfaction or
dissatisfaction emerges as an employee gains more and more
information about the workplace.
Job Satisfaction
Environmental Impact: Job satisfaction is a one part of life
satisfaction.The nature of a workers environment off the job
indirectly influences his or her feelings on the job.Similarly , since
a job is an important part of a life for many workers job
satisfaction infuluence general life satisfaciton.

Politics
Job Familiy
LIFE
Leisure
Religion
Job Involvement
In addition to job satisfaction, three other distinct but related ,
employee attitudes are important to many employees. Job
Involvement is the degree to which employees immerse
themselves in their jobs, invest time and energy in them and
view work as a central part of their overall lives.
Organization Commitment
Organizational commitment or employee loyalty is the
degree to which an employee identifies with the
organization and wants to continue actively
participating in it.

Work Moods: Employees also have feelings about thier
jobs thatare highly dynamic :they can change within a
day hour or minute.
These variable attitutes toward their jobs are called Work
Moods.
Effects of Employee Attitude
Attitudes are reasonably good predictors of behaviors. They
provide clues to an employees behavioral intentions or
inclinations to act in a certain way.Positive jobs attitudes help
predict constructive behaviors: negative job attitudes help predict
undesirable behaivors.

Employee Performance: Satisfied workers actually may be high ,
average , or even low producers and they will tend to continue
the level of performance that previously brought them
satisfaction.
Effects of Employee Attitudes
Turnover: As might be expected higher job satisfaction is
associated with lower employee turnover , which is the
proportion of employees leaving an organization during a given
time period.

Performance
Greater or lesser effort
Rewards
Economic
Sociological
Psychological
Perception of equilty
rewards
Fair
Unfair
Satisfaction or
Dissatisfaction
Greater of lesser
Commitment
Turnover
Absenteeism
Tardiness
Theft
Violence
The Performance Satisfaction Effort Loop
Turnover and Absences
Relationship of job satisfaction to turnover and absences Figure

High
Low
High
Turnover
Absences
Turnover and Absences
Absences and Tardiness
Emplotees who have low job satisfaction tend to be absent more
often.The connection is not always sharp , for couple of reasons.

Theft: Some employees steal products.Others use company
services without any authorization.These kind of things are called
theft.

Violence: One of the most extreme consequences of employee
dissatisfaciton is exhibited through violence.This violence source
can be include customers or strangers
Studying Job Satisfaction
Management needs information on employee job satisfaction in
order to make sound decsions , both in preventing and solving
employee problems.

Benefits of job Satisfaction Studies: If job satisfaction studies
are properly planned and administered they will usually produce
a number of important benefits both general and specific.

Monitoring Attitudes: One benifit of attitude studies is that
they give management an indication of general levels of
satisfaction in a company.

Additional Benefits: Surveys have many other benefits as
well.The flow of communication in all directions is improved as
people plan the survey.,take it and discuss its results.
Use of Existing Job Satisfaction
Information
Sources
Of
Information
Medical records
Training records Quality records
Labor Turnover
Waste and scrap repots
Exit interviews
Examples of job satisfaction-related information avaiable in organization
Survey Design and Followup

General managers need to identify a purpose for attitudes
assessment,obtain top management add union support and then
develop the measurement instrument.
Identify reason for survey
Obtain management commitment
Develop survey instrument
Administer survey
Tabulate results
Analyze results
Provide feedback to participants
Implement action plan
Monitoring results
Major steps in a

Systemyic
approach

To conducting
survey
Survey Design and Followup

Closed -End Questions: These present a choice of answers in
such a way that employees simply select and mark anwsers and
these answers show their feelings.

Opened End Questions: Present a variety of topics but let
employees answer in their own words.


Critical Issues
Reliability: Is the capacity of a survey instrument to produce
consistent result ,regardless of who administers it.


Validity: In addition to reliability , studies of job satisfaction
need validity or capacity to meansure what they claim to
meansure.

Social Desirability: The tendency of employees to have social
desirability bias thats importantance of challenge in their job.








Using Survey Information

Communicating the Results: The first step in using job
satisfaction information is to communicate it to all managers so
that they can understand it and prepare to use it.


Comparative Data: In larger organizations comparisons among
departments are an effective wat to encourage managers to sit up
and take note of satisfaction data.
Using Survey Information
Employee Comments: Employee coments are very useful and
this information often makes a greater impression on
management that scores statistics and charts do.

Feedback to Employees: When corrective action is taken as
the result of a survey details of what was learned and what was
done should be shared with employees as soons as possible.
Changing Employee Attitudes

Includeing attitude shifts is not always easy to but potential gains
can make it worth while to try.If management desires to change
employee attitudes in a more favorable direction there are many
routes to pursue.

Sometimes its advisable to get employee to change their
behavior first and let the desired attitudes shift follow later.

Thank You For Listening