OVERCOMING WASTE BY WASTE: THE POTENCY OF

WASTE OF ORANGE AND LEMON PEEL MIXTURE AS AN

ALTERNATIVE FOR STYROFOAM WASTE MANAGEMENT








VIDIA AFINA NURAINI
140210110059

PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
2014

WHATS HAPPENING??!!
Flood in the middle of city
Accumulation of plastic waste
leads to flood disaster
146 flood has occured during three months in 2014
spread throughout Indonesia (BNPB, 2014).
WHAT IS STYROFOAM???

Polystyrene foam is a form of plastic
derived from fossil fuels, nonrenewable
product
Versatile plastic
When polystyrene foam packaging is produced, a "blowing" or
"expansion" agent (e.g. Pentane, CFC, carbon dioxide) is used
in the process.



Is styrofoam useful enough??
Food packaging
Protective packaging, containers








DISADVANTAGES OF STYROFOAM???


It is hardly biodegradable
It takes at least 500 years to decompose
Its recalcitrant and persistent in the environment
It contains hazardous material
These are the cause of concerns on health issues

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
reported that styrofoam is the FIFTH most
hazardous waste in the world



Table 1. Waste management method in Indonesia







Source: Statistics Indonesia, 2000.
No. Waste management method Percentage/ %
1. Carried away to final disposal place 4,2
2. Burned 37,6
3. Disposed to the river 4,9
4. Unmanagable urban waste 53,3
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste Quantity/ million ton/ year Percentage/ %
Household 22,4 58
Plastics 5,4 14
Paper 3,6 9
Others 2,3 6
Woods 1,4 4
Glass 0,7 2
Rubber 0,7 2
Fabric 0,7 2
Metal 0,7 2
Sand 0,5 1
Total 38,5 100
Table 2. Total estimation of waste pile
These two table show that
management
of waste is still not optimal
STYROFOAM WASTE MANAGEMENT

Burning or energy recycling (waste are incinerated)
Environmental argumentations such as toxic emissions are
building up a public resistance against incinerator process


Lead to
carcinogenesis





Alkil benzena & benzo [ghi] perilena (Hawley-Fedder et al., 1984)
STYROFOAM WASTE MANAGEMENT

Styrofoam is one of additive material for concrete and brick
production

However, these
alternatives
consume high
energy and
cannot be
conducted by
people
independently
ANOTHER
ALTERNATIVE?



Harnessing the potency of waste of orange and lemon peel
mixture
High consumption of orange
and lemon leads to high
quantity of their peel waste

Orange and lemon are
easily grown in Indonesia as
a tropical country

Furthermore, orange and lemon peel contain high
concentration of limonene
Limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene), a
monocyclic monoterpene, is the most widespread
terpene in the world (Burdock, 1995).
(4R)-limonene is the major constituent of citrus peel
essential oils, in which it is usually found at
concentrations between 90 and 96% (Nonino, 1997).
Limonene can dissolve dissolve styrofoam, since it
belongs to nonpolar solvent.

Like dissolved like Van der Waals interaction


STYROFOAM WASTE MANAGEMENT

Mixture of
Styrofoam and peel
waste
Mixture of orange and
lemon peel waste
Slurry of orange
and lemon peel
Styrofoam waste is safe
to be disposed to landfill
ground
Mixed with
styrofoam waste
Biodegradation of limonene/styrofoam
. By microbe Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14














(van der Werf, 1999).
Biodegradation of styrene by Pesudomonas
putida
THANK
Y O U