Amebae Inhabiting

the Aleimentary Canal

Chapter 11
By Beaver
Introduction:
From the Subphylum Sarcodina
Superclass: Rhizopoda
Order: Ameobida
General Characteristics:
1. Small , microscopic in size.
2. Have amoeboid motion.
3. Lack contractile vacoules
4. Multiply through binary fission
5. Undergo encystation during unfavorable
condition.
6.It has a pseudopodium as the locomotory
organ.

In the genera of Entamoebidae are
differentiated by:
= nuclear structure

Genus : Entameobidae
Spherical nucleus
Distinct nuclear membrane lined with
chromatin granules.
Small karyosomes.
Generally the trophozoite has single
nucleus.
Natural parasites of the alimentary
canal in most vertebrates.

Entamoeba histolytica
Synonyms :
- Amoeba coli
- Amoeba dysenteriae
- Entamoeba dysenteriae
- Entamoeba terragena
- Endameoba histolytica
- Endameoba dysenteria

General Characteristics:
1. Have successive stages: trophozoite,
precyst, cyst, metacyst and metacystic
trophozoite.
2. Movement results from long finger-like
or rounded pseudupodial extensions
that progressively in one direction.
3. Nucleus is spherical, with a diameter
about one fifth of the entire amoeba.
4. The active (trophozoite) stage exists only
in the host and in fresh loose feces

5. cysts survive outside the host in water,
soils and on foods, especially under moist
conditions on the latter.
6. Mode of entry is through ingestion of
contaminated food and water.
7. Ring and dot' appearance: peripheral
chromatin and central karyosome
8. 4 visible nuclei
Cyst
Trophozoite stage
Life Cycle
Infection occurs by ingestion of cysts (generally
from fecally contaminated food or water)
Excystation occurs in the ileum of the small
intestine
Trophozoites multiply by binary fission in the
large intestine. Most remain in the lumen of the
intestine, however, some may invade the
intestinal mucosa, enter the bloodstream and
develop in extraintestinal sites. Symptoms
Cyst formation is triggered by the dehydration of
gut contents in asymptomatic carriers.
Asymptomatic
Amebiasis is a disease caused by a one-
celled parasite called Entamoeba
histolytica (ent-a-ME-ba his-to-LI-ti-ka).
If trophozoites penetrate the intestinal wall,
serious problems can occur, including liver
abcesses, or spread to the lungs and
brain, usually resulting in death.
Symptoms/Pathology
Pathogenesis
Vegetative trophozoite stage
size: 4-12 micrometer
motility: active directional
pseudopodia : fingered shape
rapidly extruded
Inlcusions : Bacteria and other
material no corpuscles
nucleus : invisible
Entamoeba hartmanni
Common names
Entamoeba tenuis
Entamoeba minuta
Entamoeba minutissima
cyst
Entamoeba coli
Known as:
- Amoeba coli
- Endamoeba hominis
- Loschia coli
- Councilmania lafleuri
small cyst with one visible nucleus.
The nucleus shows the peripheral
chromatin and a central karyosome
trophozoites (4-11 m) are similar to
E.histolytica trophozoites, present a small
karyosome often eccentrical.
Resembles E.histolytica
Small race
Asymptomatic to humans
is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba
that frequently exists as a commensal
parasite in the human gastrointestinal
tract.
trophozoites measure 20-30 m and have
a vescicolous nucleus with a large
eccentric karyosome
irregulary distributed peripheral chromatin.
The cytoplasm is vacuolated containing
bacteria and yeast
Similar life cycle with E. histolytica
Cyst
trophozoite