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ON LAND DRILLING RIG

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ON LAND DRILLING RIG
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DRILLING RIG OPERATION
Following are drilling rig operation involved in
drilling a well
Rig building
Spudding of well
Drilling
Coring
Tripping
Wiper trip
Short trip
Reaming
Coring
Logging
Casing lowering
Cementation
Wellhead fitting & testing
BOP fitting & testing
Fishing operation
Hermetical Testing

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DRILLING RIG OPERATION
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RIG BUILDING
The process of rig building starts with the
dismantling of rig equipments on the location
where drilling is over. After dismantling all the
equipments of the rig are ready for transportation.
Transportation is done with the help of trailers and
trucks according to the size of the load.
Cranes are required for rig dismantling and rig
building
Dismantling Rig building Transportation
Old location
New location
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MAST LOWERING
Rig mast is lowered with the help of draw works.
Mast is dismantled and transported to new
location
Telescopic mast is not dismantled but collapsed

Old location
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MAST RAISING
Rig mast is assembled and raised with the help of
draw works.
Telescopic mast is raised and extended.

Old location
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DRILLING
The beginning of the drilling at the new
location is known as spudding of the well. The
process of drilling includes following
processes.

Making rat hole
Making BHA
Preparation of mud
Drilling (Making hole)
Pipe connection
Reaming

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DRILLING
Mud conditioning prior to pulling out
Running in
For resuming drilling
For mud conditioning
For fishing
Coring



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RATE OF PENETRATION (ROP)
ROP is a time taken by a bit to drill one
metre of formation, i.e. minutes per metre
For e.g. ROP = 15 minutes/metre means
the bit takes 15 minutes to drill 1m of
formation.
ROP keeps on fluctuating.
If formation are soft, ROP will increase
If formation become hard, ROP will
increase
If bit becomes worn out, ROP decreases.



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EFFECT OF WOB ON ROP
At lower WOB ROP responds slightly
to increase in weight.
When weight range crosses compressive
strength of the formation - penetration
rate increases rapidly .Finally it becomes
constant. This continues till complete
burial of teeth in formation.
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WOB ON ROP
When the bit is off bottom, complete
weight of the string is on the hook & no
WOB on bit.
When the string is lowered slowly by
lowering draw works, the bit touches the
bottom.
If draw works is lowered further, some of
the string weight will be borne by bit as it
can not go down any further. That weight
borne by the bit is WOB.
WOB may vary from 2-3mt to 20-25 mt
depending on depth and formations.

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With increased
WOB - wear rate
of teeth increases
& bearing life
decreases.
There is an
optimum WOB for
which cost is
minimum.


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REAMING
Hole is already drilled
While going down in the same hole,
held up is observed
Goes down with reciprocation
Yes. Then RIH
No. Then ream with no or very low
WOB, low rpm and full circ rate
repeatedly till held up disappears
Very high and erratic torque is
observed
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REAMING
Tight pull is observed during coming
up
If calculated weight of string and
block is 100 ton, but if 110 t weight is
observed during coming up, tight pull is
110-100= 10 t
Held up is observed during RIH
If calculated weight of string and
block is 100 ton, but if 90 t weight is
observed during RIH, held up is 100-
90= 10 t
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PIPE CONNECTION
Adding pipe single by single to drill
ahead using mouse hole
Drill pipe length about 9.5 m
Once Kelly is down, new pipe is
made up
Pipe is torqued up, takes weight and
provide passage to mud and sealing
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TRIPPING IN
Running in to bottom
With stands of drill pipe
With new bit to drill ahead
With new core bit to core
With fishing tool to recover fish
With new BHA to drill in desired path
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TRIPPING OUT
Pulling out completely
for bit change
for BHA change
for casing lowering
for any complication
Slugging the pipe:
Required to POOH dry pipes
After circ is over
Pump slug i.e. mud with 2-3
higher ppg mud followed by
regular mud
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TRIPPING OUT
Use of trip tank
POOH hole using trip tank
monitoring volume of mud taken by
well
Trip tank is 10 cu m tank with a
centrifugal pump and return is
taken to the same tank
If less mud is taken, well is
flowing
If more than calculated mud is
taken, well is losing mud
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WIPER TRIP
Pulling out of hole (POOH) to last
casing shoe
Why?
To give time to formations to react
Formation may swell or cave
Go down again and ream if required
It is must before casing lowering and
logging
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SHORT TRIP
Pulling out of hole (POOH) only a
few stands off bottom and not to the
last casing shoe
Why?
To give time to formations to react
Carried out when drilling is slow
May be we make a short trip of 4-5
stands
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PIPE LAYING DOWN OR BREAKING
Pipe is broken down and laid off in singles
At the end of the well
To create space for other BHA
assembly
To remove unwanted stands before
casing to reduce load on derrick
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STAND MAKING
Rigs using top drive drill with stands
Generally stand has 3 singles of 9.5
m length each
Stands made prior to drilling to save
time
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BHA MAKING
Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
consists of drill collar, Heavy Weight
Drill Pipe, stabilizers, cross over's, jars,
bumper subs etc and does not include
drill pipe and bit
BHA is changed frequently to
rearrange placement of stabilizers
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BHA BREAKING
Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) is
broken
for making new BHA
At the end of well
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CORING
Coring is process of retrieving/ extracting
down hole formation for analysis at the
surface
Types of Coring
Side wall wire line coring
Bottom hole conventional coring
Core barrel and core bit used
Core barrel of 30 or 60 feet used
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CORE BARREL AND
BIT
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CORE BIT
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CORE PIECES
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LOT (LEAK OFF TEST)
Is conducted after drilling down below casing
shoe a few metres into new formation.
This is done to determine the maximum mud
weight that can be used for drilling the next
phase.
Mud weight is kept below leak off equivalent MW
This test is conducted after each casing
If required, can be done in between also
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CASING & HERMETICAL TESTING
Casing Test - is conducted before drilling the
shoe to ascertain the integrity of the lowered
casing.
Hermetical Testing is carried out to check the
integrity of production casing before handing
over the well for production testing
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HERMETICAL TESTING
Production casing is subjected to hermetical
testing
After casing has been lowered , CBL - VDL log is
conducted.
If it is OK , integrity of casing has to be tested
Drilling fluid inside the casing is displaced by
water gradually in several steps
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WELL HEAD INSTALLATION
After WOC, casing head housing which is the
first well head component to be installed is
fitted on the surface casing. The following
procedure is adopted.

Remove false conductor/Riser

Cut the surface casing at a suitable height
from the bottom of the cellar pit
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CASING SPOOL
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CASING HANGER
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PRESSURE TESTING OF WELL HEAD
It is done to insure the effectiveness of all the
seals and connections in the well head system.
A portable hydraulic pump is used to apply
required pressure.
Test pressure is as per the requirement of well
pressure expected during a certain phase.
It should not exceed the rated pressure of the
weakest component of the current well head
assembly.
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