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Who Are Managers?

Manager
Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of
other people so that organizational goals can be
accomplished.
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Classifying Managers
First-line Managers
Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial
employees.
Middle Managers
Individuals who manage the work of first-line
managers.
Top Managers
Individuals who are responsible for making
organization-wide decisions and establishing plans
and goals that affect the entire organization.
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Managerial Levels
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What Is Management?
Managerial Concerns
Efficiency
Doing things right
Getting the most output
for the least inputs
Effectiveness
Doing the right things
Attaining organizational
goals
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Exhibit 12 Effectiveness and Efficiency in Management
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What Do Managers Do?
Functional Approach
Planning
Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals,
developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
Organizing
Arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational
goals.
Leading
Working with and through people to accomplish goals.
Controlling
Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.
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Management Functions
8
Skills Needed at Different Management Levels
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Management Skills and Management Function Matrix
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Scientific Management
Fredrick Winslow Taylor
The father of scientific management
Published Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
The theory of scientific management
Using scientific methods to define the one best way for a
job to be done:
Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools
and equipment.
Having a standardized method of doing the job.
Providing an economic incentive to the worker.
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Scientific Management (contd)
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Focused on increasing worker productivity through
the reduction of wasted motion
Developed the microchronometer to time worker
motions and optimize performance
How Do Todays Managers Use Scientific
Management?
Use time and motion studies to increase productivity
Hire the best qualified employees
Design incentive systems based on output
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General Administrative Theorists
Henri Fayol
Believed that the practice of management was distinct
from other organizational functions
Developed fourteen principles of management that
applied to all organizational situations
Max Weber
Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal
type of organization (bureaucracy)
Emphasized rationality, predictability, impersonality, technical
competence, and authoritarianism
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Different Types of Global Organizations
Multinational Corporation (MNC)
A firm which maintains operations in multiple
countries but manages the operations from a base in
the home country.
Transnational Corporation (TNC)
A firm that maintains operations in several countries
but decentralizes management to the local country.
Borderless Organization
A firm that has eliminated structural divisions that
impose artificial geographic barriers and is organized
along business lines.
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Ethical Leadership
Managers must provide a good role model by:
Being ethical and honest at all times.
Telling the truth; dont hide or manipulate information.
Admitting failure and not trying to cover it up.
Communicating shared ethical values to employees
through symbols, stories, and slogans.
Rewarding employees who behave ethically and
punish those who do not.
Protecting employees (whistleblowers) who bring to
light unethical behaviors or raise ethical issues.
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The Decision-
Making
Process
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Overview of Managerial Decision Making