Sociology is a scientific discipline because it is

capable of explaining social reality by defining

problems and concerns for research and to set
proposals for change.
Individuals do not just live, but provide meaning
to their life, provide meaning to that for which they
live, and provide meaning to the society in which
they live. The direction that life takes is oriented by
social values.
Each society sets it own values in agreement with
its historic development and the dynamics and
interactions with other societies.

Why Study Sociology? What is sociology?
Sociology is the scientific study of human social relationships and structures.
Like biologists and other natural scientists, sociologists work by sets of rules
through which they evaluate the arguments and evidence generated by
empirical research. This doesn't mean sociological work is either narrow or
lacking in practical significance.
Our techniques range from computer simulation through survey research to
participant observation of urban street corner life. Styles among sociologists
vary from the scientific to the humanistic, from the applied to the theoretical.
Sociology involves the observation and explanation of human behavior in a
wide variety of areas. In addition to the specialties of social psychology, political
sociology, and mathematical sociology, which have obvious ties to other social
sciences, sociologists study such things as race relations, social stratification,
the family, the community, ethnic minorities, sex roles, drugs, crime, population,
leisure, sport, aging, mass media, developing nations, organizational structure,
communication in small groups and in dyads.
Is Sociology a Science?
Science:
1. Systematic methods of empirical investigation
2. Data analysis
3. Theoretical thinking
4. Logical assessments of arguments
5. A body of knowledge about a particular
subject matter
6. Value-free, objective & observable
7. Empirical evidence & facts
3
Is sociology for you?
1. If you are actively concerned about the world you live in and
a. want to do something constructive and useful in it
b. whether in law, business, education, medicine, urban or
rural planning, etc.
2. Sociology provides best means for understanding how "the
system" works.
a. Whether you want to change society radically, modify it,
preserve it as it is, or restore it to a bygone era,
b. You must first understand what the structure of system is,
how social order is maintained, and how social change can
be affected.
3. Sociology can give you some of that knowledge and can further
help you acquire the analytic tools to develop it on your own.
How Can Sociology Help Us in Our Lives?
1. Understanding social circumstances provides us
a better chance of controlling them.
2. Sociology provides the means of increasing our
cultural sensitivities.
3. We can investigate the consequences of
adopting particular policy programs.
4. Sociology provides self-enlightenment, offering
groups & individuals an increased opportunity
to alter the conditions of their own lives.

5

What can you do with it?
1. Sociology as a pre-professional background:
a. medicine and nursing primary or secondary teaching
b. public health politics and political consulting law
c. urban and regional planning counseling
d. journalism and communications
e. criminology public administration
f. penology (corrections) business administration
g. social work market research and advertising ministry media
programming and production
2. Sociology as background training for various general
institutional (or anti-institutional) skills:
a. social service administration, program and policy planning,
community development, program and policy evaluation,
organizational consulting, small group management and
leader
Topics in Medical Sociology:
Formal organizational aspects of healthcare
Social and cultural influences on health and illness
The socialization of caregivers
Micro-politics among practitioners in healthcare
Caregiver-patient interaction
Social and Cultural
Impacts on Health
One's position in a
social structure
influences one's health
in numerous ways.
Gender
Socioeconomic status
Occupation
Race and ethnicity
Age
All of these factors
influence
1. Differential exposure
to pathogenic or salutary
circumstances
2. Vulnerabilty to
disease
3. Access to healthcare
resources

The Socialization of Caregivers
Focus on doctors:
Student doctors acquire knowledge to accomplish
"hypothesis testing" in medical encounters.
Medical school is thus a period of socialization in which students
acquire new competencies.
What about informal socialization?
Doctors learn about professional hierarchies.
Doctors learn to think of patients "objectively," ie:
"Don't let emotions get in the way
The patient is an "object," an organism that provides data
Doctors acquire sense of selves in the world

interpersonal relations, to
win the confident of the
client
Sociology.
relationship b/w humans.
Process of
clients care.social activity.
First hand info..
sociological investigations
If client is healthy,
family..benefited..Community
Society..nation..State
Family
basic unit of society,
Make the physiotherapy
serviceseffective
know the culture/social
lifepatients,
maintain congenial
relationship.different
personnel at different levels
..leader, leading and
managing styles
Relationship
between
Sociology and
Physiotherapy
Sociology is a very
useful science
especially for the
physiotherapy
professionals as
discussed here
Relationship between sociology and physiotherapy-ii
Gain full confidence of the patient, as is key in process.
Vital to know social systems & relations
Self-confidentneeds of profession,
Emotionally, mentally, morally, socially mature.
Sociology along with psychological training
Cure not enough; preventive services & promotion of health are imp aspects.
To be an effective, knowledge of community & resources available are essential.
Science of human society, understanding and improvement of community life.
Working outside the hospital public, industrial and school heath and
so on, very close proximity with different sections of society. The
knowledge of society is extremely useful
Produced new problems and challenges
Permanent disabilities due to aids or other
Understanding social attitudes & behaviors to make services effective
What is the role of Sociology in Physiotherapy?
How sociology can be useful in the field of Physiotherapy?
Sociology is a very useful science especially for the physiotherapy professionals as discussed:
1. Sociology can be useful in any area of life, since basically you are taught to understand
the behavior of people in society.
2. Sociology studies the relationship between human beings. While, physiotherapists have to
establish good interpersonal relationship, to win the confident of the client so that the
clients will freely ventilate their feelings, thoughts with the therapist without any inhibition
or prejudice.
3. The process of clients ' care is a social activity. The therapist will get the first hand
information from the client through sociological investigations methods like the health care
professionals to gather the way of approaching the strange person i.e. client.
4. Family is the basic unit of society, when the client is healthy, automatically the entire family
will be benefited there by the society, in specific and community at large for the total
welfare of the state and nation.
5. Will help to study and know the culture and social life of the patients and therefore will
Make the medical or physiotherapy services more effective
6. Helps to maintain congenial relationships between different personnel at different levels
due to a number of personnel involvements. So it will be of great importance to leader,
leading and managing styles
What is the role of Sociology in Physiotherapy?
1. It is of paramount importance that the physiotherapist must be able to gain full
confidence of the patient, as patient is the key in the whole process. So it is vital to know
social systems and social relationships
2. Self-confident is most important for physiotherapist to meet the needs of profession, so
he or she must be emotionally, mentally, morally and socially mature. That is why study of
sociology along with psychological training is very necessary in this process
3. Cure illness is not enough; preventive services and promotion of health are also equally
important aspects of physiotherapy. To be an effective agent of health promotion
knowledge of the community, facilities and resources available therein are essential.
Sociology is science of human society, can play an important role in understanding and
improvement of community life.
4. A large number of physiotherapists are working outside the hospital now a day. In
programs like public, industrial and school heath and so on, physiotherapist has to work in
very close proximity with different sections of society. The knowledge of society is
extremely useful
5. Technological progresses successfully meet the previous problems and diseases. But it has
also produced new problems and challenges. For ex, permanent disabilities due to aids or
other dangerous diseases. Therefore it will be very important to understand the social
attitudes and behaviors to make the services effective and result oriented
What is importance of sociology in Computer engineering?
1. Sociology deals with social, moral and human values.
2. For engineer who has relation with not only machines
but also have relation with operators of the machines.
3. Therefore it is very important to understand their
problems, grievances, welfare and security from all
points of view.
4. When human beings are well adjusted by their bosses
than automatically output of production will increase,
otherwise frustrated laborers cannot give their 100 %
attention and devotion.
What is importance of sociology in Future Computer engineering?
1.A century ago, the ancestors of modern computers were largely
devoted to analysis of social data, but sociology and computer science
diverged, and today they need to be reunited.
2.This conceptual chapter argues for the development of an integrated
social-information science, in order to understand and develop socio-
technical information systems, to explore and extend recommender
and reputation systems, to establish the cultural basis for flourishing
virtual worlds, and to deal with revolutionary issues concerning
intellectual property rights.
3.It suggests that three forms of humanmachine collaboration will
become increasingly important:
a. Partnerships between humans and information technology,
b. cultures jointly created by the human mind and information
technology, and
c. Environments where humans and machines cooperate.
Ability-Quality
Ability to do something like writing, speech etc.
Quality is for character like bravery, truth
Property-Characteristic
Property is for things
Characteristic is for document, book, theory etc.
Learning & Understanding
Change in behavior through experience
Understanding the nature of something
Education-Training-Coaching
Education is for future
Training is for present
Science, Revelation-Philosophy
Science knowledge through experience
Philosophy, knowledge with intuition
Man-Animal
Man obeys 2 orders & Follows various methods
Animal obeys 1 order & Follows 1 method
C
O
N
F
U
S
I
N
G
TERMS
LEARNING
1. Change in behavior through experience
1. After
2. Before
2. EXAMPLES from ?
1. Feeding behavior f a newly born baby
2. Feeding just by milk
3. Normal temperature
4. Search of satisfaction every where
5. Eating a new fruit
6. Concept of home
7. Concept of gardening
8. Mosque
Items Marks
End term 40
Mid term 15
Projects 9
Presentations 9
Quizzes 9
Assignments 9
Attendance 3
Allowed participation 3
Overall impact 3
Interaction
M
A
N
ORDER
Commitment/
Contract
Guidance Role Model Refusal
Assignment No-1:
Explain the
interdependence of the
elements of this Interaction
model
THINGS
MAN
Guidanc
e
Not
follow
Follow
Place
Method
Quantity
We
interact
there
To
interact
we need
For this purpose
commitment in
must
The space between
elements & needs of interaction ?
Process Of Interaction
When We
Interact to Env
Follo
w
Lead
Gain
Abstract
Good
Material
Good
Pleasure
Nafs
Parast
(Self) E
Dunia
Parast
(Env) E
Deen
Parast
(Man) I
Interactio
n
Consequen
ce

Truth
Amal--Right
way
Particularity


Permanency
Kasb--Satisfaction
Purpose


Stability
Faal--Raza
Permission

M
A
N
T
H
I
N
G
S
WORLD
M
A
N
Interaction
ORDER
Guidance
Role
Model
Economics
Anthropolog
y
Education
Sociolog
y
Teaching & Training
Teaching
Political
Science
Commitmen
t
Philosophy
SCIENCE
Psychology
Physics
Biology
Def, Relation, Subject matter
I
N
T
E
R
A
C
T
I
O
N
1. Is not an isolated activity
Involves a lot of key factors
2. Happens in form of a model/Process
3. Depends on a contract
That has 3(conditions+requirements)
4. Produces consequences
Consequence generates personalities
5. Needs for its happening a range of
knowledge
6. Process can never be covered by human
knowledge
.7

qualitatively quantitatively
Man is also dependent like other all creatures
1
Man has no control over results
2
Mans knowledge is imperfect and relative
3
Man has no such range of abilities for diversity
4
Man & other creatures are absolutely controlled
5
Actual Outcome?
Basic reason of misconception-1
The Done:
Processes and their various factors Hided
Assumed that we can produce results.
For ex, in journey, construction, reproduction, cooling of
tea and meal, farming, we see that results of these are
beyond our control.
A wide range of controls on factors are required to
produce results


Big barriers in creating situations
(Reason)
Actors of situation must move in the
same direction
Physical environment must be in
accordance with the situation
Resources like machines,
vehicles must be in line of success
Unforeseen factors like accidents, deaths,
diseases must not disturb us
Big barriers
in creating
situations
Biological Sciences
Food Chain
Control-Methods
Incurred-Astray
No Control on
Results
Management Sciences
Quality
Perfect
Follow ship
No Control on
Factors
Pure Sciences
Relativity/Force
Knowledge-Authority
Accountability
Summary of Session
Social Sciences
Evolution
Environmental Sciences
Process
Physical Sciences
Destroying an Atom






S
O
C
I
A
L

E
N
V
.1

.2

.3 5
( )
.4
( )
.5

Pleasure

1
st
Assumed Status
.1
.2 stimulus respond

respond

.3 consume

.4 stimulus
Reponses

Status or Place of Man in nature:

1. In fact we dont earn but bring ,using a particular method , often
known as .
2. Some one gives us kids on doing a particular method, we often
call it a birth, due to our relationship
3. Similarly HE removes our pain of hunger on using a method,
often called eating
4. It is Satan who briefs that removal of hunger, delivery of a kid,
bringing a thing is due to your EFFORT. So do it time & again,
to get more & more.
5. In fact hunger, baby, and a thing, nothing is in our control. We
can not produce results.
.6

.7 Stimulus stimulus


Status or Place of Man in nature:
How reflex
works?
How instinct
works?
If some one
watching us?
Why the change in status ?
As man is an interplay of instincts.
Access
Environment
Assess
Structure
Objectify
Things
Analyze
Choices
Obey
Owner
Man
Khalifa

Obeying the best
possible choices
ordered
Analyzing which
choices of PQM are
available
Objectifying their
reason for existence
Assessing what
things or men are
ordered to interact
Accessing env to
obey for
purpose
Exaggerating the
best possible
choices
Analyzing which
choices of PQM are
available
Objectifying their
reason as
Assessing what
things, men are
( )
Exagerating env to
fill needs by ( )
Creation Middle
Obeying the best
possible choices
of Nafs or Satan
Analyzing which
choices of PQM
are available
Objectifying their
reason for
satisfaction
Assessing what
things, men can
satisfy needs
Accessing env to
fill needs for
survival
Evolution
Why all this confusion and change in status? PURPOSE OF INSTINCTS



Analysis of
working of man?



3
rd


& Actual Status
Why the animals
Group in groups?
What would happen, if they
do not group?
1. They can not produce their
products.(eggs, etc)
2. They can not show their
uniformities, similarities.
3. So they are bound to live in
groups(HUKM)
4. They are altogether (males,
females, young) doing this
Product is their responsibility
Similarity is their loyalty




Organize in communities?
What would happen, if
they do not organize?
1. They can not produce their
products.(honey etc)
2. They can not show their
uniformities, similarities.
3. So they are bound to live in
organizations(HUKM)
4. They are altogether (males,
females, young) doing this
Product is their responsibility
Similarity is their loyalty
Take: your share of children,
things, food
Assess: what all is this?
Objectify: For what is this all?
Analyze: where, how much &
how , you may exploit?
Now act: strictly under the
guidance of owner
Steps to be operative for a MAN
Can the man
take GUIDANCE
from the
competitors?
To Get
To Assess
To Objectify
To Analyze
To Act
Abilities
Required
NEEDS
MAN
We Observed that
Grow continuously
Needs-Earn-Shop-
Consume-Save-Needs
Permanent state of
slavery
Adverse Impacts
How is reason for
existence?
5 tasks=Access-Assess
Objectify-Analyze-Obey
Instincts are aligned
with these 5 tasks
Instincts came out only
on . -
Means On doing
something
Who ever survived on
needs?
Produce
Continuously
Producing for others
Use their own
resources
Responsible & Loyal
How can they exist or
survive on needs ?
ANIMALS
ELAH
RABB
Man
From Where these steps came?
Know Perfectly
Unique from all
Can exploit
Total Ability
Absolute Ability
All Accountable
Produce Results
Ownership
Dependency
Sovereignty
Take required things--be responsible
Assess the results declared for you
Know the Objectives of things given
Total dependence on owner for use
Now who can guide to act their use?
S
O
C
I
A
L

M
A
N
.1 ( (Status

.2 5

5 5

.3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 Do you know? What is this?
1
10 1
2 1
8 2 1
3 2 1
1 3 2 1
2 4 3 2
3 5 4 3
4 6 5 4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
5 8 7 6
6 9 8 5
7 10 7 4
8 9 6 3
11 8 5
8 10 7
12 9
10 11
13
14
Mnzl-7 Mnzl-6 Mnzl-5 Mnzl-4 Mnzl-3 Mnzl-2 Mnzl-1 Fateha
7 Amazing organization of Quran
1
10 1
2 1
8 2 1
3 2 1
1 3 2 1
2 4 3 2
3 5 4 3
4 6 5 4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
5 8 7 6
6 9 8 5
7 10 7 4
8 9 6 3
11 8 5
8 10 7
12 9
10 11
13
14
.1

( )
.2
! ( )
.3








S
O
C
I
A
L

O
R
D
E
R
.1
.1
.2
.2

.1

.1

.2
.3
.4

.5
.6

.7

.3
Man

Son


Place
Quantity
Method

Obey
Follow
Refuse

.1
.2
.3

.1
.2
.3

Why we group? Why we organize?
This is the order, that group
Man with nafs and body to perform like a man as self
Man with woman, sons and daughters in family by giving
statuses
Man with other men in institutions like

by giving them roles in them
Because by making a group, man can offer his responsibilities like
father or mother
Then all

can play their roles, only in

groups that is organization of institutions
Therefore status is for offering responsibility & role is for showing
loyalty

1. In all the pictures given above,
We observed that
2. If all the elements in pictures do
not interact in this way,
3. They will not be able to produce
the results observed
4. These results are the results of
particular methods
5. The results will be changed, if
methods of interactions are
changed
Guidanc
e
Not
follow
Follow
Place
Method
Quantity
We
interact
there
To
interact
we need
For this purpose
commitment in
must
Owne
r
Owne
r