P 19

Energy Distribution
(Electromagnetic Induction)
Electromagnetic Induction
When a wire
moves at right
angles to a
magnetic field
electricity is
N S
generated
Reverse the
direction and the
current is reversed

Moving the wire parallel to the magnetic field produces no current

Generating current
 When a magnet is
moved into a coil
S
N N
S current is generated.
 The current can be
increased by
 1. Using a stronger
magnet
The direction of the current can be  2. More turns on the coil
reversed by  3. Moving the magnet
1. Moving the magnet out faster
2. Reversing the poles of the magnet
3. Pushing the magnet into the other
end
 Dynamo

B B
N

A
A

 The yellow side is moving up, the current flows from A to B (out from the blue brush)
 The yellow side is moving parallel to the field. No current is generated.
 The yellow side is now moving down. The current flows the opposite way
 This generator produces AC.
DC generator
 Replacing the two slip
rings with one split ring
will give a DC
generator
 The generator looks
just like a motor now

DC

AC
Generator Link to generator applet

Moving
straight
up, max
current
Parallel to
field, no
current
Moving
diagonally, Moving down, current
less current reversed
Loudspeaker (see p 14)
 Current flows back and
magnet
forwards in the coil (ac)
 Every time the current
changes direction the
N force changes direction
S
 This makes the cone
move in and out in time
N with the current
 This makes the air
coil molecules vibrate in time
cone with the current
(soundwave)
Microphone
 A microphone is the
magnet
opposite of a speaker
 The sound makes the
diaphragm vibrate
N  This makes the coil
S vibrate in the magnetic
field
N  This generates a
- current that goes back
coil - and forward with the
-
- same pattern as the
sound wave
Transformers
CloseS Iron core
witch magnetises Current flows
momentarily

Magnetism
Current flows
changes (like
in first coil
pushing magnet in)
Transformers
Switch Iron core stays
stays magnetised No current
closed flows

Magnetism doesn’t
Current keeps
change
flowing in first
coil
Transformers
Switch Iron core
opened demagnetises Current flows
other way

Magnetism
Current stops
changes (like
flowing in first
pulling magnet out)
coil
 Transformers need AC to work
Transformers
Current
Magnetic
keeps
field keeps
changing
changing

Ac Ac current
supply produced in
secondary

This transformer has more turns on the

secondary so it is a step up transformer
Step up transformer
 Np/Ns =Vp/Vs
 This transformer
6v
12v makes the voltage
bigger but you
2A
1A cannot get more
energy out than
Power in Power out =
=6x2 you put in
12 x 1 =
= 12W
12W
 The current must
get smaller
Power Lines
Low V big current  Power has to be
transferred over
long distances
AC through electric
cables
 These cables have
Wire gets warm bulb dim some resistance
which leads to
power loss
 P = V x I, V = I x R
Step up  So P = (I x R) x I
Step down  P = I2R
 Keep I small to
AC reduce power loss

Big v, small current: cool wire, bright bulb

Other Ways to Distribute Energy
 Put oil in an oil tanker
 I’m sure you can think of lots more