Professional Documents
Culture Documents
great expense
long duration.
Observational Studies
case–control
cross-sectional (including
surveys)
cohort studies
case–series
case–series study
Feasible
Cheap
Quick
For screening several dis/
exposures, health planning
disadvantage
Temporal ambiguity
Not for rare dis, short duration,
rapidly fatal
Cohort Studies
No temporal ambiguity
No selection/ recall bias
Many outcomes.
advantage
Costly
Timely
Problem of loss to f.u
Systematic review & meta- Analysis
1.
A Systematic reviews/ meta-analyses
B RCTs
C Experimental designs
2.
A Cohort control studies
B Case-control studies
3.AConsensus conference
B Expert opinion
C Observational study
D Other types of study eg. Interview based, local audit
E Quasi-experimental, qualitative design
4. Personal communication