Welcome to the

Knowledge Sharing
Programme
Pipe Stress Analysis
Requirments and Applications
By

Alpesh V. Shah

Date: 13
th
May 2008
Stress-Strain Relationship

STRESS: Stress of a material is the internal resistance per unit area to the
deformation caused by applied load.

STRAIN: Strain is unit deformation under applied load.

O-A represents that stress is directly propotional to strain and pointA is
known as propotional limit
Point B represents Elastic Limit beyond which material will not regain its
original shape when unloaded but will retain permantent deformation.
Point C is called yield point and is the point there is appreciable elongation
of the material without any increase of load.
Point D is called Ultimate Stress.
Point E is the stress at failure known as ruputre strength.



Stress-Strain Curve
What is the Stress Analysis
Piping stress analysis is term applied to calculations,
which address the static and dynamic loading resulting
from the
1 .Effects of gravity.
2. Temp. changes.
3. Internal and External Pressure.
4. Changes in fluid flow rate
5. Seismic Activity
6. Vibrations

Purpose of Piping Stress Analysis
To Ensure
Safety of Piping and Piping Components.
Safety of Connected Equipments.
Safety of Supporting Structures.
Piping Deflections.
Piping System is enough supported by supporting
elements like Guides,Welded Shoes,Trunion
Supports,Spring Supports.
To ensure that stresses in pipework in both the hot &
Cold condition are below the allowables.

Types of Stress
Types of Stress
Types of Stress
Types of Stress
Types of Stress
Types of Stress
Application of Pipe Stress Analysis
Stress Analysis applies for the folllowing Critical Lines

1.Line Size 2 and Above and Temp. Above150 Deg.C

2.Line Size 6 and Above and Temp. Above100 Deg.C

3.Piping System Connected to all Rotary Equipments.

3.Piping System Connected to all Sensitive Equipments
like Columns, Reactors etc.



How Piping and Components Fail
Failure by General Yielding
1. Yielding at Elevated Temp.

Failure by fracture
1. Brittle Fracture
2. Fatiuge
Stress Analysis Software
MSC Software
Nastran
NEi Nastran
Caesar-II
Caepipe
Bentley Autopipe
Case Study
Ways to Minimize Pipe Stress
Good Piping Designer should know the following
points while routing the lines to minimize stress.

1.Expansion of Pipe

2.Routing for flexibility

3.Weights and loads

4.Equipement Piping

Ways to Minimize Pipe Stress
5.PipeRack Piping

6.Expansion Loop
Classification of Loads
1.Sustained Loads:-
These loads are presents throughout the
Plant operation e.g. Pressure, Weights

2.Occasional Loads:-
These loads are present at infrequent intervals
e.g.Earthquake,Wind etc

3.Expansion Loads:-
These are loads due to thermal expansion.

Allowable Stress

Allowable Stress in Pipe Stress analysis is
as follows:-

Sa = f{(1.25(Sc+Sh)-SL}
where
Sa is allowable stress
f is stress range reduction factor from
table 302.3.5 ASME31.3

Allowable Stress
SL is stress due to sustained load.
Sc is basic allowable stress at minimum
temp.
Sh is basic allowable stress at maximum
temp.


Allowable Stress
Thank You