Geometry I: Pratyush at Toughest Questions

Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
Geometry I
Lines
Two intersecting lines
q
p r
s
Is q = s?
Yes, Opposite angles
p + q + r + s = ?
Parallel Lines
a
b
c
d

Is a = c?
b + c = ?
Triangles
In an isosceles triangle, if
two sides are 6 & 12,
What is the length of the third
side?
12
Sum of 2 sides > third.
In a Triangle the angles
are a, b, c (integers) and
a > b > c
The maximum value of a?
177 ( b & c = 2 & 1)
The minimum value of a?
61 ( b & c = 60 & 59)
Right Triangles
R

S T
(RS)
2
+ (ST)
2
= (RT)
2
Right Isosceles triangle
R

S T
Ratio of RS: ST: RT
1 : 1 : 2
30-60-90 Triangle
R

S T
R = 60, T = 30.
RS: ST: RT is 1 : 3 : 2
Area = 1/2 x Base x Height
C
B
A
Area of a triangle
Altitude of an equilateral
triangle = ?
(3)/2 x side
What is area of this triangle?
(3)/4 * side
2

Quadrilaterals
Parallelogram
Area of parallelogram =
Base * Altitude
If the diagonals of a
parallelogram are equal,
then it is also -
A Rhombus
A Rectangle
Answer: Rectangle
Area of a trapezium?
1
/
2
x (Sum of parallel sides) x
height
Polygons
Is this figure a polygon?
No.
Polygons
Sum of interior angles of a
Polygon of n sides (and n
angles) is
( 2n - 4) x 90
Circles
Circle of radius r
Circumference = ?
Area = ?
What is the ratio of the
area of the sector (angle
x) to that of the circle?
Ratio of areas = x / 360
R
O
x
S
If the radius of the circle is
1, what is the side of the
inscribed square?
The diagonal of the square will
be 1+1 = 2.
So the side will be 2
If the radius of the circle is
1, what is the side of the
circumscribed hexagon?
Draw an equilateral triangle.
Height of triangle = radius = 1
So side of triangle = 2 / 3
What can be said about
the triangle inscribed in a
semi-circle?
It is always a right triangle
Solids
A rectangular solid has
sides 3, 4 and 8. What are
surface areas and
volume?
Volume = 3 x 4 x 8 = 96
Area = 136.
A cylindrical solid has
base radius r and height
h. What is the surface
area and volume?
Volume = r
2
h
Area = 2(r
2
) + 2rh
Co-ordinate
Geometry
The quadrants
II I

III IV

2
1
3
4
5
-4
-5
-3
-2
-1
y
2 1 3 4 5 -2 -1 -3 -4 -5
x
What would be the signs
of x & y co-ordinates?
For points in quadrant I
(+, +)
For points in quadrant II
(-, +)
What would be the signs
of x & y co-ordinates?
For points in quadrant III
(-, -)
For points in quadrant IV
(+, -)
What is distance AB?
A (-2, 4)

B(3,-3)
Horizontal: 5, Vertical: 7
Total Distance = 74
2
1
3
4
5
-4
-5
-3
-2
-1
y
2 1 3 4 5 -2 -1 -3 -4 -5
x
I II
III
IV
Are these points on the
same line?
A (-2, 2), B(0,1), C(2,0)
If all points satisfy the same
eq
n
, then they are on one line
y = -1/2 x + 1 is the eq
n
here.
General form of Line
equation
y = mx + c
m: the slope, c: the y intercept
Calculation of slope
Slope = (Y
2
- Y
1
) / (X
2
- X
1
)
or, Difference in y coordinates
Difference in x coordinates
Given 2 points (x
1
,y
1
) &
(x
2
,y
2
), The equation of
line =
(y - y
1
)/(x - x
1
) = (y
1 -
y
2
)/(x
1
- x
2
)
For points (-2, 4) & (3,-3),
what is the equation?
-7/5 = (y - 4) / (x - (-2))
y = -7/5 x + 6/5
What is the equation of a
line..
Parallel to x axis
y = a
parallel to y axis
x = a
To conclude Part I
Lines
Opposite angles are equal
Sum of internal angles for
parallel lines = 180
Corresponding angles are
equal
Polygons
Sum of interior angles for
Polygon of n sides
( 2n - 4) x 90
Quadrilaterals
Area of parallelogram =
Base x Altitude
Area of a trapezium =
1
/
2
xSum of parallel sides x height
Circles
Circumference = 2r
Area = r
2
Measure of sector angle = x,
Ratio of areas = x / 360
A cylindrical solid has
base radius r and height
h. What is the surface
area and volume?
Volume = r
2
h
Area = 2(r
2
) + 2rh
What will be distance
between points (x
1
,y
1
) &
(x
2
,y
2
)?
(x
1
- x
2
)
2
+ (y
1
- y
2
)
2
General form of Line
equation
y = mx + c
Calculation of slope
Difference in y coordinates
Difference in x coordinates
Given 2 points (x
1
,y
1
),
(x
2
,y
2
), the equation =
(y - y
1
)/(x - x
1
) = (y
1 -
y
2
)/(x
1
- x
2
)
Geometry II
Find the area of a
rectangle, if the ratio of
one side to diagonal is 3:
5 and the other side is 8
cm?
This will obviously form a 3:4:5
right triangle, with 5 as the
diagonal. If the length of one
side is equal to 8, then the
diagonal is 10 and the other
side is 6.
So area = 48 cm
2
.
The difference between
the circumference and the
diameter of the circle is 60
cm. The area of the circle
is
d - d = 60, d = 60 / ( - 1) = 28
Area = d
2
/ 4 = 616
A room of length 7 m and
breadth 5.6 m is to be
carpeted leaving 30 cm
open space all round.
Calculate the carpet area.
length of carpet = 6.4 m.
breadth of carpet = 5 m.
Total area of carpet = 32 m
2

It costs $ 0.3 / cm
2
to
carpet a room. The cost of
carpeting a room (x/100)
meters long and half as
broad is ...
x/100 meters long is x cm; and
the other dimension will be x/2
cm.
Area of room = x
2
/ 2 cm
2
,
cost of carpeting = 0.3x
2
/ 2
= $ 3x
2
/20
In a rectangular field of
50mX6m, a tank 4 m long,
3 m broad and 2 m deep
is dug. The soil taken out
is spread evenly. By how
many meters will the level
of the field be raised?
Soil taken out from tank =
24m
3
. Area over which this
earth is spread =
area of rectangular field -
area of tank
= (50 X 6) - (4 X 3) = 300 - 12 =
288m
3
. The increase in level of
field = 24/288 = 1/12m
If the volume of a sphere
is divided by its surface
area, the result is 27 cm.
The radius of the sphere
is
Volume of sphere
Surface area of sphere
= 27
(4/3 r
3
)

/ 4 r
2
= 27,
r = 81cm.
Two circular cylinders of
equal volume have their
heights in the ratio 1 : 2.
What will be the ratio of
their radii?
Volume of cylinder 1

Volume of cylinder

2
= 1
Therefore r
1
2
h
1
/ r
2
2
h
2
= 1
i.e. r
1
2
/ r
2
2
= 2 , r
1
/r
2
= ( 2:1)
One side of a rectangle is
x inches. If the perimeter
is p inches, what is the
length ( in inches) of the
other side?
Perimeter =
sum of the sides.
So, p = 2x + 2 (other side)
Other side = (p -2x) / 2
Calculate the area of
triangle ABC where AB is
the diameter of a circle of
radius 5 and C is on that
circle at a distance of 6
units from B.
AB is the diameter and C lies
on the circle. Hence, angle
ACB = 90
0
. (Any triangle
inscribed in a semi-circle is
always a right triangle.)
By Pythagorus theorem,
AC = 8. Area = 1/2 AC.
BC = 1/2 x 8 x 6 = 24.
Volume of a cylindrical
room surmounted by a
hemispherical dome is
28.6m
3
. Radius of the
room = Height of the
cylindrical part. Find the
height of the room.
volume =
(of cylinder ) + (of hemisphere)
= 28.6
i.e r
2
*r + 2/3 r
3
= 28.6
i.e. 5/3 * 22/7 * r
3
= 28.6
i.e. r = 1.75.
Height of room = 3.5m
A spherical metal ball 3cm
in diameter is melted into
three spherical balls. The
radii of two balls are 0.75
cm and 1.25 cm. What is
the radius of the 3
rd
ball?
Volume of 1
st
ball = sum of the
volumes of each of 3 spherical
balls
4/3 (1.5)
3
= 4/3 [(0.75)
3
+
(1.25)
3
+ x
3
]
x
3
= (1.5)
3
- (0.75)
3
- (1.25)
3

= 1
3 vertices of an equilateral
triangle with side 21 cm
are centers of 3 circles
touching each other. What
is the area of the triangle
that is not covered by the
three circles?
The area of the required part
=( 3/4 a
2
)

- 3( r
2
/ 6)
= ( 3/4 a
2
)- ( r
2
/ 2)
= a
2
( 2 3 - ) / 8
= 17.8
Three cubes of metal with
edges in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5
are melted into one cube,
with diagonal 48 3 m.
Calculate the edges of the
three cubes.
Total volume of the three cubes
= 27x
3
+ 64x
3
+ 125x
3
= 216x
3
.
The length of side of the new
cube = diagonal / 3 = 48m.
Volume of cube = 48 * 48 * 48
i.e. 216x
3
= (48)
3
gives = (6x)
3
=
(48)
3
, 6x = 48, x = 8. The length
of edges of the cube are 24m,
32m and 40m

Geometry I: Pratyush at Toughest Questions

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