SPLIT ENGINE

1. Abstract.
2. Introduction.
3. Scuderi split cycle engine.
4. How it works?
5. How does the air get from one cylinder to the other?
6. When and where is the fuel injected?
7. P-V curves.


Abstract :
The first four-stroke piston was developed in 1876.
This four-stroke piston arrangement is still the
primary design of engines built today.
Todays engines operate at only 33% efficiency.this
means that only 1/3 of the energy in each gallon of
fuel is used-the rest is lost through friction and heat.
With over a billion engines currently in
worldwide,even small gains in efficiency will have
impacts on the economy,dependency on foreign
oil,and the environment.

Introduction :
Split engines appeared as early as 1914.
Split cycle engines separate the four strokes of
intake, compression power, and exhaust into two
separate but paired cylinders.
The first cylinder is used for the intake and
compression. The compressed air is transferred
through a connecting passage or tube from the
compression cylinder into the second cylinder where
combustion and exhaust occur.


Many different split cycle
configuration have since been
developed ;however, none have
matched the efficiency or
performance of conventional
engines.
Problems with previous split cycle
engines :
Poor breathing or volumetric
efficiency.
Low thermal efficiency.

Scuderi split cycle engine
1. This engine is proposed by late Carmelo scuderi (1925
-2002) who spent over 40 years inventing, developing
and commercializing new technology.
2. The Scuderi split cycle engine technology changes the
heart of the I.C engine.
3. By using fluid and thermodynamic techniques, the
scuderi technology improves how an engine converts
chemical energy to mechanical energy.



In a conventional otto cycle engine,
each cylinder performs four strokes
per cycle: intake, compression,
power, and exhaust. This means
that two revolutions of the
crankshaft are required for each
power stroke. The Scuderi Engine
divides these four strokes between
two paired cylinders: one for
intake/compression and another for
power/exhaust.
The base Scuderi Engine is a split-cycle design
that divides the four strokes of a conventional
combustion cycle over two paired cylinders.
one intake/compression cylinder and one
power/exhaust cylinder.
By firing after top-dead center, it produces
highly efficient, cleaner combustion with one
cylinder and compressed air in the other.

Besides the improvements in efficiency and
emissions, studies show that the Scuderi
Engine is capable of producing more torque
than conventional gasoline and diesel engines.



How it works :
How does the air get from one
cylinder to the other :
There is a short passageway connecting the
cylinders.
A conventional cam-actuated valve admits air
to the combustion chamber, but a pressure
activated disk type valve admits air into the
passageway from the compression chamber
and prevents it from leaking back onto the
intake cylinder.
When and where is the fuel
injected:
Fuel is injected directly into the cylinder
just as the valve opens.
The highly compressed air whooshes in
so quickly and atomizes the injected
fuel so thoroughly that the spark is fired
to ignite it 11 to 15 degrees after TDC,
even when running lean mixtures for
increased efficiency.
P-V curves :

In an internal combustion
engine, the two high-pressure
strokes of compression and
power consume and produce
energy.

The compression stroke is
negative work, or energy that
the engine expends to do
work on the gas.



The power stroke is positive
work, or energy that the
expanding gases of
combustion perform on the
engine to create mechanical
work.

The net energy produced by
the engine (its efficiency) is
the energy generated during
the power stroke less the
amount of energy consumed
by the compression stroke.
Second phase:
Why it is so exceptional?
Solving the thermal efficiency problem by firing ATDC.
High pressure and massive turbulence
Advantages of Scuderi split cycle design.
Disadvantages .
Conclusion .
Why it is so exceptional?
The scuderi split-cycle
engine solves both the
breathing and thermal
efficiency problems.
Solving the thermal efficiency problem by
firing after top dead center (ATDC).
o Although considered bad
practice in conventional engine
design , firing ATDC in a split
cycle arrangement eliminates the
losses created by recompressing
the gas.
o The big issue was not how to
solve the thermal efficiency
problems of the split cycle
engine, but rather how to fire
ATDC.
High pressure and massive
turbulence
In the Scuderi Engine, firing after top dead center is
accomplished by using a combination of high
pressure air in the transfer passage and high
turbulence in the power cylinder.
This high pressure air entering the power cylinder
creates massive turbulence. The turbulence is
further enhanced by keeping the valves open as long
as possible during combustion .
The result is very rapid atomization of the fuel/air
mixture creating a fast flame speed or combustion
rate faster than any previously obtained

Advantages of scuderi split
cycle engine.
One of the biggest advantages of the Scuderi
Split-Cycle Technology is design
flexibility. Many features that require
additional equipment or are just too difficult
to implement in a conventional engine design
are easily accomplished with a Scuderi Split-
Cycle configuration. For example,
supercharging can be added simply by
increasing the diameter of the compression
cylinder.

Piston friction can be
reduced by offsetting the
compression and power
cylinders.
A Miller cycle can be
achieved simply by
increasing the length of the
power cylinder.
Disadvantages :
Cool air never enters the power cylinder so heat
would quickly build up causing lubrication oils to
break down and components to fail.
Water cooled cylinder walls would be required to
resolve this.
The crossover valve would experience high
accelerations so valve train durability could be an
issue.
This very well might limit the rpm of the engine.
Auto-ignition and /or flame propagation could occur
in the crossover passage.
Conclusion:
The scuderi split cycle engine is having thermal
efficiency about 42.6%,which is far more better then
conventional engine.
It greatly reduces the wastage of fuel, which is most
important thing to countries like India ,which is
dependent on foreign countries for petroleum fuels.
It reduces the burden on the imports customs.
By using ATDC technique we can greatly reduce the
losses created by re-compressing the gas. So , by
using this scuderi split cycle engine, we can change
the world of IC engines.