Motivation

Motivation
Motivation is an active force; It is
what an individual seeks, it is
what an individual wants, it is
what an individual fears.
Motivation
Motivation is the driving force and
the object or the condition toward
which that driving force is directed.
The study between these the
relationship between theses two
variables is the study of the
dynamics of behavior.

Motivation
Is an individuals awareness of tension within
himself which stirs him to action aimed in
relieving the tension. Beach and Clark (1959)
Is a goal or incentive which provides purpose
and direction to an activity.

Drive
Is a physiological condition which impels the
organism to become active.
It is an activity that results from internal
stimulation.
It functions as an inner active force which
affect an individuals thinking, feeling,
behavior, and interpretation of values.
Tendency
Tendency implies persistence
It continues the direction of an activity even
though the environmental stimuli may vary.
Motives
Something that that incites the organism to
action or that sustains and gives direction to
action one the organism has been aroused.
Hilgard (1961)


Needs
Is a lack of something required for optimal
adjustment to the environment.
Origin of motives
Biological/Physiological
Environmental/Social

Biological
A motive may arise from biological need such
as the need for food or water which will drive
an individual to seek food when hungry or
drink when thirsty.
Environmental/Social
We react strongly to social acceptance as
when we like to acquire appliances or
any other thing that we see in others
specially if we can afford them.
Classification of Motives
Hilgard (1962) categorized motives into
survival motives, social motives, and ego-
integrative motives. Other behavioral
scientists classified motives as biological
or physiological motives, social or
psychological motives, and personal
motives.
Physiological Motives and Survival
Motives
Physiological or survival motives are
those directly related to normal body
functions such as the need for air,
food, water, excretion of wastes,
rest, protection from extreme heat
and cold, sleep, etc.
Physiological Motives and Survival
Motives
Hunger. This Condition is believed to be
caused by rhythmic contractions of the empty
stomach.
Thirst. A dryness of the membranes of the
mouth results from a deficiency of water in
tissues and a decrease in the secretions of the
salivary glands.
Recovery from fatigue. Is a strong desire for
rest when one is tired.
Physiological Motives and Survival
Motives
Maintenance of temperature normalcy.
Humans are warm blooded animals with a
body temperature that has to be maintained
at 98.6 F or 37 C.
Maintaining proper elimination. The process
of elimination of waste matter is taken cared
of by the body through the proper functioning
of specialized organs as they are activated by
adequate internal stimuli.
Psychological Motives or Social
Motives
The psychological or social
motives are those that arise
as a result of interaction with
other people.
Psychological Motives or Social
Motives
Affectional drives. This drive may develop
from one or both of two sources: it may be
unlearned drive that emerges in the normal
course of maturation or it may be learned
from people who satisfy survival needs.
Need for security and safety. This drive
motivates people to be cooperative and
thereby build a society that enable individuals
to live together in peace and harmony.
Psychological Motives or Social
Motives
Sex urge. Sex drive is classified as social motive
since it involves another person.
The need for affiliation. This is the desire to
connect or associate oneself with others.
Gregariousness. This is the desire to be in
company or in the presence of other people.
Dependency (succorance). The desire to have
someone to look up to and depend on for help.
Social approval. Is the urge socially accepted.

Ego- integrative Motives or Personal
Motives
Human beings have personal
motives which must be satisfied.
This motives are motives are
motives built around the self.
Ego- integrative Motives or Personal
Motives
Recognition. The drive for prestige and the drive
for status are related to the drive for recognition.
Prestige need- refers to the desire to feel better
than other persons with whom one compares
himself.
Status drive- refers to the need to have a high rank
in the society, to be respected by the people we
know and not to be considered inferior.