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BRAND EQUITY
COST-BASED PRICE-BASED CONSUMER-BASED
• Historical cost Price premium Brand knowledge
• Replacement cost Equalisation price Attribute rating
• Market value method Indifferent price Blind test
• Discounted cash flow method
• Brand contribution method
• Interbrand method
COST-BASED METHODS
1] HISTORICAL COST
This is the money that has been spent on the brand till
date. Suppose Rs.100 million have been spent so far in
creating a brand called ‘X’. The value at which the brand
can be sold to another org. should be Rs.100 million.
This appeals intuitively though there are several
problems in using historical costs.
First, a prospective buyer is interested in the future
cash flows from a brand and the fact that 100 million
was spent on brand ‘X’ does not guarantee the
realization of even a fraction of that amount in future
sales.
Costs incurred in brand are no measure of the
efficiency with which the money was spent.
Colgate has a turnover of Rs.6810 million,
A gross profit figure of Rs.146 crores,
Reaches at least 3 lakhs retailers directly (many
times this number indirectly) and finally
Is probably the most popular brand in the
country.
Thus, replacement cost can be calculated as follows:
But estimating the sales of a product several years
down the line is difficult. Competitors might
outperform Usha.
This method uses an ingenious way of tackling
the brand equity problem.
Let us suppose that there are totally hundred
consumers of toothpastes in the country. we also
assume that there are only 4 toothpastes in the
market.
= 43.7
A similar method can be extended to calculate the
brand equity of other toothpaste brands in the
market.this method uses one of the brands as an
anchor point to define brand equity.
Some brands may have negative equity.
For instance, if an average customer jumps from
Babool to Promise at Rs.15, the equity of Babool
will be as shown below:
Brand equity of Babool = 15 - 1 x 100
17.4
= -13.8
CUSTOMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY
BRAND KNOWLEDGE METHOD
Consider 100 c.c. vehicle brands: Yamaha RX, TVS
Star and Hero Honda-Splendor.