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FOOD & DIGESTION

4.1 Food and its molecules

20 FEBRUARY 2014
PREPARED BY : TEACHER HIDAYAH
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Learning Outcomes
1) List the chemical elements that make up:
carbohydrates,
fats,
proteins.
2) Describe the structure of large molecules made from smaller
basic units, i.e.
simple sugars to starch and glycogen,
amino acids to proteins,
fatty acids and glycerol to fats and oils.
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Why we need food?

For energy
You need food to work your muscles and other body organs. Food is the
bodys fuel that keeps it going, without it the body would not work.

For growth and repair
In order for your body to grow you need to make new cells. New cells are
also needed to replace old or damaged cells. Your body makes these new
cells from the chemicals in your food.

To stay healthy
There are lots of reactions taking place in the cells of your body to keep you
healthy and keep your body working. Certain chemicals are needed for
these reactions which can only be taken in from the food you eat.
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Carbohydrates
elements
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
Sugars are
carbohydrates
lactose
glucose sucrose
Starch is also carbohydrates
Starch is made up of lots of smaller
glucose molecules
Sources of carbohydrates :
Glycogen is also carbohydrates
We store glycogen in the liver and muscles
We need
carbohydrate
s for energy
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Proteins
elements
oxygen
nitrogen carbon
hydrogen
Examples of
protein
haemoglobin
antibodies
enzymes collagen
keratin
Sources of protein :
We need protein for
growth and repair of
cells
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Fats
elements
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
Sources of fats :
We need as store
of energy and
warmth
Two
types
of fats
Saturated
Fats from animal
It too much can
cause heart
attack
Unsaturated
Fat from plants
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Factors affecting nutrition
age
Health
condition
Gender Body size
occupation
Why do you think that males usually need more energy than females?
Why do manual workers need more energy than office workers
Why does the 14 years old boy need more energy than male office worker?
Why does pregnancy increase the energy needs of a woman
Why does a breast-feeding mother need more than a pregnant mother?
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1. Why do you think that males usually need more energy than females?
___________________________________

2. Why do manual workers need more energy than office workers?
___________________________________

3. Carbohydrates contain the elements ; _______________, _______________, and
_______________

4. There are three type of carbohydrates ; _______________, _______________, and
_______________

5. Proteins contains elements ; _______________, _______________,
_______________ and _______________

6. Proteins are made up of long chains of _______________

7. Fats are made up of; _______________, _______________, and _______________

8. There are two types of fats; _______________, and _______________,

9. Eat too much of _________________fats, it can cause blood vessels become
_________. This can increase the risk of a ___________.



Exercise
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