A PRESENTATION ON WORLD

WAR I &WORLD WARII

PRESENTED BY-
HIMANSHU GAUR
SHUBHAM TIWARI
YOGENDRA SHARMA
INTRODUCTION TO WORLD WAR I
World War I also known as the First World War, was a global
war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 when
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austrian Hungarian empire was
assassinated in Sarajevo by Black hand society and lasted until
11 November 1918. More than 9 million combatants.
It was fought between Allied Powers and Central
Powers. Key nations in World War 1 were -
Allied Powers Central powers
France Germany
Britain Ottoman Empire
US Austria-Hungary
USSR Bulgaria
Serbia
Treaties that led to Domino
For Russia was bound by agreement with Serbia
to protect her in the event of attack.
The Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-
Hungary stated that if either found itself at war with
Russia the other would enter the fray to provide
assistance.
Similarly, the Franco-Russian Military
Convention of 1892 provided for French assistance
should Russia find itself at war with either Germany
or Austria-Hungary.

Key Events
Naval War: German U-boats attempted to cut the supply lines between
North America and Britain. Attacks jeopardised merchant ships. The United
States protested and after the sinking of the passenger ship RMS Lusitania in
1915, Germany promised not to target passenger liners.
With the dominoes starting to fall, it remained unclear what position
Britain would take. The German Kaiser was inclined to believe that Britain
would look to her interests first and foremost and remain above the fray -
after all, she had no obvious quarrel with either Austria-Hungary or
Germany, at least in this matter.
Britain asked form the Indian Army, in fact outnumbered the British Army
at the beginning of the war.
Russian withdrawal from the war in late 1917 as a result of the October
Revolution meant that Romania was forced to sign an armistice with the
Central Powers on 9 December 1917.



End of War
Central Powers proposed for starting peace negotiations.
In December 1916, after ten brutal months of the Battle of
Verdun and a successful offensive against Romania, the Germans
attempted to negotiate a peace with the Allies. Soon after, the US
president, Woodrow Wilson, attempted to intervene as a
peacemaker, asking in a note for both sides to state their demands.
The Allied counteroffensive, known as the Hundred Days
Offensive, began on 8 August 1918, with the Battle of
Amiens.German resistance stiffened, and the battle was concluded
on 12 August.




Aftermath
After the war, the Paris Peace Conference imposed a series of peace
treaties on the Central Powers officially ending the war. The 1919 Treaty
of Versailles dealt with Germany, and building on Wilson's 14th point,
brought into being the League of Nations on 28 June 1919.
Poland reemerged as an independent country, after more than a
century.
Russia became the Soviet Union and lost Finland, Estonia, Lithuania,
and Latvia, which became independent countries.
The Kingdom of Serbia and its dynasty, as a "minor Entente nation"
and the country with the most casualties per capita, became the
backbone of a new multinational state, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats
and Slovenes, later renamed Yugoslavia.
. Czechoslovakia, combining the Kingdom of Bohemia with parts of
the Kingdom of Hungary, became a new nation.
WORLD WAR II: INTRODUCTION
World War II lasted from 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945. It was the
most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million
people, from more than 30 different countries. World War II is the deadliest
conflict in human history, it also marks the first use of nuclear weapons in
combat and it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities.
The War was fought between two alliances called Axis
and Allies. Dominant members in these alliances were
AXIS ALLIES
GERMANY BRITAIN
JAPAN UNITED STATES
ITALY USSR
FRANCE
CHINA
KEY PEOPLE IN WAR
Adolf Hitler (Leader of Nazi and Germany)
Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Hirohito (Japan)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (US)
Winston Churchill (Britain)
Chiang Kai-shek (Republic of China).
Joseph Stalin (USSR)

Poles on 31 August 1939, against the German radio station Sender Gleiwitz in
Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia, Germany on the eve of World War II in Europe. Later it
was discovered that the Nazis themselves posed as poles, their goal was to use
the staged attack as a pretext with which to invade Poland. On the very next
day Germans invaded Poland marking the beginning of a war.
Japan had already been busy in their second Japan-Sino war against china. On
July 1937 Japan invaded china and conquered Beijing and many parts of China.
Parallel to this Fascism in Italy had been dominated by the lights of Benito
Mussolini. October 2, 1935May 1936 Italy invades, conquers, and annexes
Ethiopia. With these set ups the three major axis nations would go on and
conquer the half of the world before their demise.
KEY EVENTS
Invasion of Poland , it Started WWII - Britain and France declared
war on Germany because of it (1939).
Hitler's invasion of Russia(Operation Barbarossa). Committed the
Germans to 2 fronts, West and East (1941).
Pearl Harbour - caused the USA to enter the war (1941).
Stalingrad - beginning of Germany's defeat in the East (1943).
D-Day - Allied invasion of Europe - beginning of the end for Germany
(1945).
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945).

STATISTICS
Estimated 50 to 80 million deaths in WWII. Almost 12.29 million
people of USSR died and 6.27 million Polish lost their lives.
About 2000 warships were destroyed of which 1080 were Germanys.
A total of 542,000 airships and 5.1million vehicles were deployed in
War.
Around 1,600 billion dollar were spent on the war of which 300 billion
were spent by Germans and 350 billion were spent by USA.
THE END OF WAR
After Allies Invade Germany Hitler commit suicide on
April 30 1945.
On August 6, 1945 The United States drops an
atomic bomb on Hiroshima August 9, 1945 The United
States drops yet another atomic bomb this time on
Nagasaki and Japan surrenders to allies.


AFTERMATH
The Allies established occupation administrations in Austria and Germany.
The former became a neutral state, non-aligned with any political bloc.
Germany lost a quarter of its pre-war (1937) territory, the eastern
territories: Silesia, Neumark and most of Pomerania were taken over by
Poland; East Prussia was divided between Poland and the USSR, followed by
the expulsion of the 9 million Germans from these provinces, as well as of 3
million Germans from the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, to Germany. By
the 1950s, every fifth West German was a refugee from the east.
In an effort to maintain peace, the Allies formed the United Nations, which
officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 and adopted the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, as a common standard for all member
nations. The great powers that were the victors of the war.