AVIAN INFLUENZA

Name : Sri Dashinie

NIM : 09020005190
AVIAN INFLUENZA
Avian influenza is an infection caused by avian
(bird) influenza (flu) viruses.
Occur naturally among birds

It carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do
not get sick from them.
Very contagious among birds

Make some domesticated birds, including chickens,
ducks, and turkeys, very sick and kill them.


Infected birds shed influenza virus in their saliva,
nasal secretions, and feces.
Infected when they have contact with :
contaminated secretions
excretions
surfaces that are contaminated with secretions
excretions from infected birds.
Domesticated birds may become
through direct contact with infected waterfowl
other infected poultry
through contact with surfaces
materials that have been contaminated with the virus
PATOGENESIS
Genetic mutation at position 627
Virus infection happens after virus enter host cell
after attachment of various spikes and specific
receptor
replicates in the nasopharyngeal and
gastrointestinal tract
With jus alteration of one amino acid, it could infect
humans
Cause transmission between human and human
PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS
alveolar damage has been shown to spread with
hyaline membrane formation
uneven lymphoplasmacytic interstitial infiltrates,
bronchiolitis with squamous metaplasia, and
pulmonary congestion with varying degrees
hemorrhage.
alveolar damage spread by macrophages,
neutrophils, and activated lymphocytes have been
detected in patients who died within 2 weeks after
onset of illness.
apoptosis in alveolar cells and infiltrating leukocytes
are prominent findings.
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
Incubation period 4-8 days
High fever
Cough
Sore throat
muscle aches to eye infections
pneumonia
severe respiratory diseases
other severe and life-threatening complications

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
examination of throat swabs and nasal fluids.
To test the confirmation of H5N1 virus infection, the
examination should be done by:
(a) isolating the virus
(b) detection of the H5N1 genome using the
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific primer
pair
(c) imunoflouresensi test antigens using monoclonal
antibodies against H5
(d) examination of an increase in antibody titer against
H5N1
(e) examination by western blotting method to the H5-
specific.


TREATMENT AND VACCINATION FOR H5N1
VIRUS IN HUMANS
two antiviral medications commonly used for
influenza are amantadine dan rimantadine.

Two other antiviral medications, oseltamavir and
zanamavir

There currently is no commercially available
vaccine to protect humans against H5N1 virus that
is being seen in Asia and Europe. However, vaccine
development efforts are taking place.
RISK ON HUMAN HEALTH
Zoonosis

Virus AI is a very specific species but there are
chances to infect human

It happens when there is contact with bird or
contaminated area

This can be prevented by wearing mask,gloves ,
spectacles

SUMMARY
Infection cause by bird
Widely spread among birds
Could spread through contaminated enviroment
Handling an infected bird could cause infection
Virus survive in enviroment for long period of time
Test that can be taken
Chest x ray
Auscultation