Amin Nur Hidayati &

Dian Kusuma Suci

(Taken from various sources)

sentence
clause
phrase
Part of
speech
Sentences

If we want to understand a sentence, we should find the subject and the
verb first.

The subject is the person or thing that acts or is described in the
sentence.

The verb is that action or description.

Complete sentences need both the subject and the verb.
Sentence S + V

Example: Rudy eats breakfast at 6 o clock every morning
S V
My brother is 3 years old
Type of sentence
1. Simple Sentence
one Independent Clause
2. Compound Sentence
Two or more independent clause each clause is of
equal importance and could each exist as a separate
sentence
3. Complex sentence
One independent clause + 1/more dependent clause
4. Compound-complex sentence
two/more independent clause + 1/more dependent clause
* Clauses
The boy is going to school, but the sisters are going to
their grandparents house.

This is a complete sentence composed of two independent
clauses.
Types of clause:
Independent/main a clause which can form a separate
sentence.
Dependent/subordinate a clause which cannot form a
separate sentence but which can form a sentence when
joined with a main clause

I'll get you some stamps if I go to town

Phrase
A phrase is a group of words that lacks either a subject
or a verb and functions as a single part of speech.
Noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, etc
Part of Speech
Part of Speech
You must study hard tonight
He finished his study in UNS in 3 years
Noun
Adjective
verb
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
pronoun
Interjection word that shows emotion
Example on interjection
Noun & Adjective
Noun
word used to describe a person, place, thing, event, idea, and so on
1. Common noun : water, chair, park, religion
2. Proper Noun Specific : Victor Hugo, Paris, Islam
3. Abstract happiness, freedom, love
4. Concrete
5. Countable/Uncountable
6. Singular/Plural

Adjective

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.


The black cat climbed a tree.
The tall thin evil-looking cowboy roped the short, fat, inoffensive calf.


adjective
Verb
1. Transitive Verbs
A verb is transitive when the action is carried across to a receiver:

The farmer grows potatoes. Elvis sang ballads.

The receiver is called the direct object. It answers the question
What? or Whom? after the verb. Grows what? Potatoes. Sang
what? Ballads.

2. Intransitive Verbs
A verb is intransitive when the action stays with the verb. It is not
carried across to a receiver:

Corn grows. Elvis sang.


Adverbs

Adverbs are used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, clause, or
another adverb. Basically, they modify everything except nouns (which
are modified by adjectives).

adverb verb: He was running fast. (fast modifies running)

adverb adjective: She took a very small piece of the cake. (very
modifies small)

adverb sentence: Strangely, the man left the room. (strangely
modifies the whole sentence)

Usually adverbs answer to the questions When? (adverbs of time),
Where? (adverbs of place), and How? (adverbs of manner).

manner - place - time - frequency - degree.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
House
Car
Table
Room
names
Run
Sing
Read
Study
sleep
Tall
Beautiful
Difficult
Fast
new
Quick+ly
Easily
Simply
Patiently
beautifully