ZTE GERAN Counters & KPIs

ZTE University
Objectives
At the end of this course, you will be able to:
Master ZTE traffic statistic function
Understand the meaning of common-used traffic
statistic indices
Master the methods to analyze and locate the network
problems by the way of traffic statistic analysis
Contents
Overview of traffic statistic
Traffic statistic KPI
Locate and analyze network problems
Traffic statistic analysis instance
Introduction of ZTE traffic statistic
Traffic
statistic
Alarm
statistic
Performance
index
Measurement
statistic
CS traffic
measurement
PS traffic
measurement
KPI of CS traffic statistic
Primal indices
SDCCH congestion rate
SDCCH assignment success
rate
SDCCH call drop rate
TCH congestion rate
TCH assignment success rate
TCH call drop rate
Handover success rate
Random access success rate
Paging success rate
Integrated indices
Traffic call drop rate
Bad cell rate
TCH allocation rate
Radio access success rate
KPI of PS traffic statistic
TBF
UL TBF Establishment Success Rate
DL TBF Establishment Success Rate
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
UL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
DL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
UL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
DL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
KPI of PS traffic statistic
LLC
DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC EDGE Data Frame Discard Rate
Throughput
UL GPRS Throughput
DL GPRS Throughput
UL EDGE Throughput
DL EDGE Throughput
CS traffic measurement
Assignment Measurement
Assignment counter describers the assignment process. As many
attempts can be made if no channel is available in the first assignment
attempt, it is necessary to make a completed description of the whole
assignment process instead of the assignment processes of TCH/F or
TCH/H. These counters are used to analyze influences of forced
release, queuing and directed retry, to assignment success rate from
the viewpoint of calling.
1
CS traffic measurement
Handover cause measurement
Handover cause counter is used for checking MS handover causes.
According to cell radio environment and BSC settings, handover
algorithm judgment module can carry out handover due to several
different handover causes, so as to realize functions such as
optimizing resource usage, improving call quality and rescuing calls.
2
CS traffic measurement
Call drop measurement
Channels that take part in the measurement statistic include SDCCH,
TCH/F and TCH/H. Service types include signaling, voice and data.
Counted call drop causes include RMM losses contact with SMM,
BTS radio link failure, LAPD link failure, OMCR forced release, forced
release by other calls, handover failure, as well as other failure.
3
CS traffic measurement
Radio resource available measurement
Radio resource available measurement counters count the number,
mean number and the maximum busy number of available SDCCH,
TCH/H and TCH/F, as well as total busy and congestion time of these
channels in the cell.
4
CS traffic measurement
General handover measurement
General handover counter is used to find out MS handover successes,
failures, and frequency of abnormal events during handover. After
configured with inter-system handover or concentric circle, general
handover counter is also used to find out inter-cell traffic sharing to
improve the wireless planning.
5
CS traffic measurement
Adjacent cell handover measurement
Adjacent cell handover counter is used to record the number of
outgoing handover or incoming handover so as to find out the
handover between the cell and its adjacent cell which lays a basis for
configuration of adjacent cell and improves service quality of the cell
through handover.
6
CS traffic measurement
Radio access measurement
Radio access counter is mainly used to observe MS radio random
access process as the reference of radio access parameter
adjustment, signaling channel allocation strategy, etc. Several
possible causes of radio access are listed here. Access statistics
related to GPRS is not listed here but in the category of other access
request temporarily.
The number of access request is that of receiving Channel Required
message; the number of successful access process is that of sending
Immediate Assignment message.
7
CS traffic measurement
Radio measurement
Radio measurement items mainly include UL/DL quality, signal
strength, TA, interference band and RQ value of radio channels. The
UL/DL quality, signal strength, TA and RQ value are counted after
measurement report or pre-processing measurement report sent by
BTS is received; BSC updates interference band status in database
after receiving measurement report or pre-processing measurement
report. The value of interference band can be inquired in database
when periodical measurement is reported.
8
CS traffic measurement
Sub cell statistics
Sub cell statistics counter is used to find out operation status of the sub
cell in radio environment. It focuses on inter-sub-cell handover and
relevant counting at the second sub cell so as to check traffic
absorption condition by the second sub cell.
9
CS traffic measurement
MS TA measurement
MS TA counters are used to check the value of TA in MS measurement
reports. TA can reflect the relative location of MS in the cell. If most of
the TAs are in very high level, network planning should be remade,
such as, increasing the site density.
10
CS traffic measurement
SAPI3 measurement
MO-SM is short message of mobile originating call; MT-SM is short
messages of mobile terminating call. In conversation status, the MS
can receive point-to-point message so the mobile caller maybe the
other side of receiving short message at one time. On the wireless
side, short message could be transmitted by the following five
channels: SACCH/F, SACCH/H, SDCCH, FACCHF and FACCHH. So
far the statistics counting has been realized by the channel of
SACCH/F, SACCH/H and SDCCH.
11
CS traffic measurement
TRX measurement
TRX measurement is to measure the success or failure condition of
channel activation, assignment, and handover in the unit of carrier. It
also can measure carrier interference band, maximum and minimum
UL & DL level condition, to learn the status of different carriers,
providing evidence for adjustment and maintenance.
12
CS traffic measurement
Timeslot measurement
Timeslot counters are used to view the radio transceiver environment
of a MS in a particular timeslot, including the link quality and strength
in the timeslot. These data is sent to Network side through
measurement report. If signal strength in some timeslots is weak, then
it can be improved by changing send and receive power.
13
CS traffic measurement
SDCCH measurement
SDCCH counters describe allocation, occupation, assignment, use of
resources related to SDCCH, which as SDCCH configuration and
parameters adjustment basis. Allocation of SDCCH is mainly in the
process of immediate assignment and handover. Handover includes
internal and external handover. The statistic unit in this measurement
is cell.
14
CS traffic measurement
TCH/F measurement & TCH/H measurement
In GSM BSC signaling system, allocation and usage of TCH/F(TCH/H)
channel mainly exist in assignment and handover flow, where
assignment flow includes immediate assignment and common
assignment; handover flow includes internal and external handover.
15
CS traffic measurement
Abis interface message counter measurement
Abis interface message measurement is mainly for all kinds of
messages of Abis interface to count. It is convenient to find out the
frequency of all kinds of messages transmitting on Abis interface.
When BSC receives the messages sent by BTS, the counter begin to
count.
16
CS traffic measurement
BTS TRX measurement
According to the receiving level and receiving quality in MS
measurement report and the receiving level and receiving quality in
BTS measurement, BTS decides whether to perform power control for
MS or BTS. BTS also performs statistics according to different
reasons for power control.
There are two ways for power control: common control and rapid
control. The power control amplitude in rapid control is larger than that
in common control. Besides, BTS periodically samples the power of
MS and BTS to get the average power.
After the power control measurement task is customized, BTS
periodically reports the power control statistic result to BSC through
the PC TEST RPT message. The power control measurement result
can be used to analyze coverage quality and power control effect and
frequency.
17
CS traffic measurement
BSSMAP message measurement
The BSSMAP message measurement performs statistics for various
BSSMAP messages at A-interface. It is used to find out the frequency
of various BSSMAP messages transmitted at A-interface. When BSC
receives the correct BSSMAP message from MSC, the counter counts.
18
CS traffic measurement
A-Interface message measurement
The A-interface message measurement performs statistics for
uplink/downlink DTAP message, BSSMAP message, and received
incorrect BSSMAP message. Statistic unit in this measurement is
CMP.
19
CS traffic measurement
Ater message measurement
Ater interface message counters are used to collect statistics on
messages transceived on Ater interface. It is counted by AterDispatch
according to iTC office.
20
PS traffic measurement
Downlink data TBF measurement
DL TBF process comprises establishment, transmission and release
of the DL TBF.
The establishment includes the DL TBF establishment on CCCH,
PCCCH and PACCH.
The release includes normal release and abnormal release of the DL
TBF. Abnormal release is used to judge the running of PS service so
as to make adjustment.
DL transmission measurement mainly focuses on the connecting time
of the DL TBF and the number of co-existing DL TBFs.
1
PS traffic measurement
Uplink data TBF measurement
Uplink (UL) data TBF measurement mainly involves processes of
establishing TBF, keeping TBF and releasing TBF on cells.
2
PS traffic measurement
Data flow measurement
Data flow measurement focuses on the flow related information,
including the LLC frames, RLC blocks and TBF connecting time.
3
PS traffic measurement
Uplink/Downlink RLC statistic measurement
RLC blocks are classified into control block and data block based on
the content. Data block includes RLC block waiting to be
acknowledged (Pending block), retransmitted block (NACK block),
and first-transmitted block (new blocks excluding retransmitted RLC
block and pending RLC blocks).
RLC coding scheme includes CS1 ~ CS4 and MCS1 ~ MCS9. Coding
scheme is set at background and can be adjusted by BSC according
to the link quality.
UL/DL RLC statistics is used to find out the number of RLC blocks
with different coding schemes received and sent by BSC as well as
coding scheme adjustment times during transmission process.
4
PS traffic measurement
PS resource used statistic measurement
Statistic counters are used to measure the PS resource usage in each
cell, including number of usable PS channels, average and max
number of busy PS channels, total busy time of PS channels, total
time of PS channel congestion and using of PS channels.
5
PS traffic measurement
Uplink and Downlink PACCH statistics
In transmitting GPRS data service, UL and DL PACCH statistics is
used to count the number of receiving and sending controlled
messages on PACCH, including packet access reject, packet
resource request, packet UL assignment, etc.
6
PS traffic measurement
Downlink GPRS data TBF statistics
DL GPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of GPRS
DL TBF establishment, maintenance and release.
7
Downlink EGPRS data TBF statistics
DL EGPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of
EGPRS DL TBF establishment, maintenance and release.
8
PS traffic measurement
Uplink GPRS data TBF statistics
UL GPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the
establishment, maintain and release of UL GPRS TBF.
9
Uplink EGPRS data TBF statistics
UL EGPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the
establishment, maintain and release of UL EGPRS TBF.
10
PS traffic measurement
BSSGP flow statistic
BSSGP flow statistics mainly measures the message
transmission condition at Gb BSSGP level in GPRS service, to
count different signaling messages. This includes the number
of packet paging, circuit paging, BVC block, BVC unblock, BVC
reset, location request, and location result response, etc.
11
PS traffic measurement
Gb message statistics (BVC cell)
Gb message statistics mainly measures transmission number of
different PTP messages at Gb BSSGP level in GPRS service (such as
RA-CAPABILITY, RADIO-STATUS, DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC).
12
PS traffic measurement
NSVC statistic measurement
The NSVC statistic measurement is used to measure signaling
interaction and data transmission at NS layer of Gb interface for
GPRS service. It counts the number of various messages, such as
blocking, unblocking, resetting, and ALIVE.
13
PS traffic measurement
NSE statistic measurement
The NSE statistic measurement takes a single NSE as the
measurement entity. It performs statistics for paging message, status
indication message, and signaling BVC resetting message received
by NSE at BSS.
14
PS traffic measurement
NSVC on IPGB HOST measurement
The NSVC statistic measurement on IPGB HOST is used to measure
signaling interaction and data transmission at NS layer of Gb interface
in GPRS service. It also performs statistics for abnormalities in
various flows.
15
PS traffic measurement
GB Message on IPGB HOST measurement
The Gb interface message measurement on IPGB HOST measures
the number of transceiving various PTP messages at BSSGP layer of
Gb interface in GPRS service, such as RA-CAPABILITY, RADIO-
STATUS, and DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC.
16
PS traffic measurement
NSE on IPGB HOST measurement
The NSE measurement on IPGB HOST takes a single NSE as the
measurement entity. It performs statistics for paging message, status
indication message, and signaling BVC resetting message received
by NSE at BSS.
17
Contents
Overview of traffic statistic
Traffic statistic KPI
Locate and analyze network problems
Traffic statistic analysis instance
MS BTS BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
A1
A2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
A3
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
SABM
EST_IND
A4
SDCCH measurement point
T3101
Time out
SDCCH
Total call
attempts
All the requests for SDCCH channels, including all instances need to
request for a SDCCH such as a normal call origination, location update,
call re-establishment, IMSI request, IMSI detach and SMS.
SDCCH Total call attempts :C900060003+C900060010+C900060038
Check point A1
SDCCH
Total
overflows
All the unsuccessful requests for SDCCH channels because there is no
radio resource.
SDCCH Total overflows:
C900060005+C900060011+C900060039
Check pointA2
SDCCH Counters

Assignment
attempts
BSC transmit IMM_ASS message to MS for assigning SDCCH,
including assignment success times and failure times.
SDCCH assignment attempts= C900060241
Check pointA3

Assignment
success
Number of BSC transmit IMM_ASS, MS successfully access
corresponding SDCCH,BSC received correct EST_IND or
ASSIGN_COM message.
SDCCH Assignment success numbers: C900060242
Check point: A4
SDCCH Counters
SDCCH Counters

Call drop
Number of the failed calls in SDCCH before TCH is occupied
SDCCH Call drop: C900060053
Check point After BSC received correct EST_IND or
ASSIGN_COM message. Before TCH assignment complete

Total
traffic
The total traffic of each SDCCH in busy hours
Total traffic = SDCCH busy time (C900060124) / statistic
duration
Commonly used KPI
SDCCH Congestion rate
SDCCH congestion rate(%)
=SDCCH overflows/SDCCH call attempts 100
= (C900060005+C900060011+C900060039)
/(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038 ) 100
SDCCH assignment success rate
SDCCH assignment success rate (%)
SDCCH assignment success/ SDCCH assignment
attempts100
=C900060242/C900060241 100

Commonly used KPI
SDCCH call drop rate
SDCCH call drop rate (%)
= SDCCH call drop number/ SDCCH assignment
success number 100
=C900060053/
(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038 ) 100
BTS BSC
B1
CHL_ACT
ASS_CMD
B2
MSC
CHL_ACT_ACK
BTS BSC
C1
CHL_ACT
HO_REQ
C2
MSC
CHL_ACT_ACK
TCH congestion statistic point
TCH call
attempts
exclude
handover
All the requests for TCH channels, including the calling attempts and
called attempts, and when TCH is assigned as SDCCH in abnormal early
allocation, not including handover .
TCH attempt numbers (exclude handover)
= TCH/F attempts (voicedata) + TCH/H attempts (voicedata)
=C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046
Check pointB1
TCH overflow
(exclude
handover)
All the unsuccessful occupation for TCH because of no radio resource
Total TCH overflows (exclude handover)
=TCH/F occupation failure (voicedata) + TCH/H occupation failure
(voicedata) =C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047
Check pointB2
TCH Counters
TCH call
attempts
include
handover)
All the requests for TCH channels, including the calling attempts and
called attempts, handover.
TCH attempt numbers (include handover)= TCH/F attempts (voicedata)
+ TCH/H attempts (voicedata)
=C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046+C900060021
+C900060032+C900060044+C900060048
Check pointB1+C1
TCH overflow
(include
handover)
All the unsuccessful occupation for TCH because of no radio resource
Total TCH overflows (include handover)=TCH/F occupation failure (voice
data) + TCH/H occupation failure (voicedata)
= C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047+
C900060022+C900060033+C900060045+C900060049
Check pointB2+C2
TCH Counters
TCH Assignment statistic point
TCH Assignment
attempts
(exclude
handover)
All the assignment command after successful TCH occupation
TCH assignment attempts =TCH assignment success + TCH assignment
failure=C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C90006
0199+C900060210+C900060018+C900060029+C900060037+C900060
135+C900060200+C900060211
Check pointD1
TCH Assignment
success
(exclude
handover)
Numbers of receiving Establish Indication or Assignment Complete
messages after TCH channel is successfully occupied.
TCH assignment success =
C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C900060199+C9
00060210
Check pointD2
TCH Counters
Commonly used KPI
TCH congestion rate
TCH congestion rate (exclude handover) = TCH overflows
(exclude handover) / TCH attempts (exclude handover) 100 =
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047)/(C9000
60019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046) 100
TCH congestion rate (include handover) = TCH overflows
(include handover) / TCH attempts (include handover) 100=
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047+
C900060022+C900060033+C900060045+C900060049)/(C90006
0019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046+
C900060021+C900060032+C900060044+C900060048) 100
Commonly used KPI
TCH assignment success rate
TCH assignment success rate =TCH assignment success
numberexclude handover/ TCH assignment attempts
numberexclude handover100
=(C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C9
00060199+C900060210)/(C900060017+C900060028+C90
0060036+C900060235+C900060199+C900060210+C9000
60018+C900060029+C900060037+C900060135+C900060
200+C900060211)100

Commonly used KPI
TCH call drop rate
TCH call drop rateinclude handover= TCH
call drop number / Total number TCH assignment
successinclude handover100
Trigger pointMonitor CLEAR REQUEST after
receiving ASSIGMENT COMPLETE message
Commonly used KPI
Handover success rate (Incoming handover)
Handover success rate%= Number of
handover success / number of handover request
100 =
(C900060098+C900060102+C900060120+C900
060094+C900060096)
/(C900060097+C900060099+C900060100+C900
060101+C900060216+C900060119+C90006009
3+C900060095) 100

Commonly used KPI
Traffic
The total traffic of all TCH, including TCH/F and
TCH/H.
Total TCH traffic = Total busy time of TCH/
statistic duration =
(C900060129+C900060127)/3600
Traffic call drop raito
Total TCH traffic 60/ total call drop numbers
Unit: minuterepresent the average time
separation of every two call drops
Commonly used KPI
Bad cell ratio
Number of bad cells / total number of cells 100%
Condition:
Busy hours traffic per TCH>0.1Erland TCH call drop
rate>3 or TCH congestion rate>5
Confirm cell numbers according to average per TCH traffic
>0.1Erl
MS BTS BSC
Connection Failure
Indication
F1
MSC
Clear request
Radio link timeout
Measurement report(SACCH)
Measurement report(SACCH)
Measurement report(SACCH)
Start T3109
Stop T3109
Clear Command
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release
ACK
Clear Complete
TCH call drop statistic point
Radio link timeout call drop
BSC BTS:TRX MS
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
G1
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
SET T3107
T3107 Timeout
MSC
Clear Request
TCH call drop statistic point
Intra cell handover call drop
BSC Old BTS: MS
CHANNEL ACT
H1
CHANNEL ACT ACK
New BTS
SET T3103
T3103 Timeout
MSC
HO_Command
HO_Command
Clear request
TCH call drop statistic point
Intra BSC handover call drop
TCH call drop statistic point
Inter BSC handover call drop
MS
New BTS New BSC
CHL_ACT
MSC
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
Old BSC Old BTS
HANDOVER REQUIRED
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
T8 Timeout
I1
Clear request
TCH call
drop number
Total TCH call drop of all kinds of reasons in current area sub-system .
Trigger : Calculate CLEAR REQUEST after ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
message and CLEAR REQUEST after HANDOVER COM
message
Check pointF1+G1+H1+I1
Total TCH
busy hour
traffic
The accumulation of all TCH traffic in busy hour.
Total TCH traffic = Total TCH busy time/ statistic period
TCH Call drop counters
Handover signaling statistic point
Intra cell handover
MS BTS BSC
CHL_ACT
J1
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
EST_IND
J2
MSC
CHL_ACT_ACK
UA
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
HO_PREFORM
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
Handover signaling statistic point
Intra BSC handover
BSC:Ori_Cell BTS:Ori_Cell MS
HANDOVER COMMAND
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
HANDOVER COMPLETE
BTS:Des_Cell
HANDOVER COMMAND
Measurement Report
Handover Algorithm
BSC:Des_Cell
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Measurement Report
HANDOVER COMPLETE
K1
K2
Handover signaling statistic point
Inter BSC handover
MS
New BTS New BSC
CHL_ACT
L1
SABM
MSC
CHL_ACT_ACK
UA
HO_COM
HO_REQ_ACK
HO_DETECT
HO_ACCESS
PHY_INFO
Old BSC Old BTS
HANDOVER REQUIRED
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HO_COM
HO_COM
Clear Command
L2
HO_REQ
Total
handover
request
Definitions Total Incoming handover request numbers, including
Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Total handover
request:C900060097+C900060099+C900060100+C900060101+
C900060216+C900060119+C900060093+C900060095
Check pointJ2+K1+L1
Total
Handover
success

Definitions Total Incoming handover success numbers,
including Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Total handover
success:C900060098+C900060102+C900060120+C900060094+
C900060096
Check point J2+K2+L2
Handover counters
UL TBF Establishment Success Rate
UL TBF Establishment Success Rate
This statistic provides UL GPRS signaling TBF,
UL EDGE signaling TBF, UL GPRS data TBF, UL
EDGE data TBF establishment success rate,
which is the important performance index on data
service availability to check the condition of data
access success in different cells.
UL TBF Establishment Success
Rate=(C900040025+C900040033+C900040026+
C900040034)/(C900040159+C900040160+C900
040161+C900040168+C900040163+C90004016
4+C900040165+C900040166)*100
DL TBF Establishment Success Rate
DL TBF Establishment Success Rate
This statistic provides DL GPRS signaling TBF,
DL EDGE signaling TBF, DL GPRS data TBF, DL
EDGE data TBF establishment success rate,
which is the important performance index on data
service availability to check the condition of data
access success in different cells.
DL TBF Establishment Success
Rate=(C900040007+C900040015+C900040008+
C900040016)/(C900040141+C900040142+C900
040143+C900040144+C900040145+C90004014
6+C900040147+C900040148)*100
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after UL signaling TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate=(C900040037+
C900040038+ C900040039+ C900040040+
C900040041+ C900040042+ C900040043+
C900040044+ C900040045+
C900040046)/(C900040025+ C900040033)*100
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after DL signaling TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate =(C900040149+
C900040150+ C900040151+ C900040152+
C900040153+ C900040154+ C900040155+
C900040156+ C900040157+
C900040158)/(C900040007+ C900040015)*100

DL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
DL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after DL GPRS data TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
DL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
=(C900040002+C900040003+C900040004+C90
0040005+C900040006-C900040149-
C900040150-C900040151-C900040152-
C900040153)/C900040008*100
UL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
UL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after UL GPRS data TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
UL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
=(C900040020+C900040021+C900040022+C90
0040023+C900040024-C900040037-
C900040038-C900040039-C900040040-
C900040041)/C900040026*100
UL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
UL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after UL EDGE data TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
UL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
=(C900040028+C900040029+C900040030+C90
0040031+C900040032-C900040042-
C900040043-C900040044-C900040045-
C900040046)/C900040034*100

DL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
DL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after UL EDGE data TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
DL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
=(C900040010+C900040011+C900040012+C90
0040013+C900040014-C900040154-
C900040155-C900040156-C900040157-
C900040158)/C900040016*100

UL GPRS Throughput
UL GPRS Throughput
The user UL GPRS data transmitted on air
interface divided by the time taken for data
transmission
UL GPRS Throughput
=C900040058/C900040059*8
DL GPRS Throughput
DL GPRS Throughput
The user DL GPRS data transmitted on air
interface divided by the time taken for data
transmission.
DL GPRS Throughput
=C900040060/C900040061*8
UL EDGE Throughput
UL EDGE Throughput
The user UL EDGE data transmitted on air
interface divided by the time taken for data
transmission.
UL EDGE Throughput
=C900040066/C900040067*8
DL EDGE Throughput
DL EDGE Throughput
The user DL EDGE data transmitted on air
interface divided by the time taken for data
transmission.
DL EDGE Throughput
=C900040068/C900040069*8
DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate
The statistic provides the percentage of the
discarded downlink LLC signaling frame.
DL LLC signaling frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL signaling LLC frame discard due to
full buffer, exhausted lifecycle, and other
exceptions divided by the number of DL signaling
LLC frame transmitted .
DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate
=(C900040052+C900040053+C900040054)/C90
0040051*100
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard Rate
The statistic provides the percentage of the
discarded DL LLC GPRS data frame.
DL GPRS data frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL GPRS LLC frame discard due to
full buffer, exhausted lifecycle, and other
exceptions divided by the number of DL GPRS
LLC frame transmitted.
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard
Rate=(C900040075+C900040076+C900040077)
/C900040074*100

DL LLC EDGE Data Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC EDGE Data Frame Discard Rate
The statistic provides the percentage of the
discarded DL LLC edge data frame.
DL EDGE data frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL EDGE LLC frame discard due to
full buffer, exhausted lifecycle, and other
exceptions divided by the number of DL EDGE
LLC frame transmitted.
DL LLC EDGE Data Frame Discard Rate
=(C900040048+C900040049+C900040050)/C90
0040047*100

Contents
Overview of traffic statistic
Traffic statistic KPI
Locate and analyze network problems
Traffic statistic analysis instance
Call drop
SDCCH assignment
TCH congestion
SDCCH congestion
Handover
TCH assignment
Traffic statistic analysis contents
General idea
CELL Level
Report
High Call
Drop Rate
High Congestion
Rate
High Handover
Failure Rate
Alarm Information
CS Basic Service
Measurement
TRX
Service Measurement
Cell Radio
Measurement
CS Basic Service
Measurement
Alarm Information
Radio Access
Measurement
Cell Radio
Measurement
Alarm Information
Handover Reason
Measurement
Handover Routine
Measurement
Adjacent Cell Handover
Measurement
CS Basic Service
Measurement
BSC Level
Report
General idea
Combined with:
Driving Test: Analyze coveragequality
handoversignaling
CQT: make a great deal of calls in different place
Signaling trace: Collecting signaling through
signaling tools or OMCR signaling trace function
Hardware
Interference
Coverage
Common factors
Handover
Radio parameters

Individual factor
First common, then
individual factor
Index Analysis Filter Method
Common factors
Hardware
Interference
Coverage
TCH Call drop
Handover
Congestion
SDCCH Assignment
TCH Assignment
Traffic statistic Locate and Solution
Check transmission error
repeter self-excitation, TTA noise
Target cell Channel activation
NACK or TIMEOUT
Call drop because of terrestrial
trunk circuit failure
Calibrate clock
Locate hardware problems
according left traffic statistic,
confirm TRX,CMM,TIC,CDU faults
CS basic measurement Abnormal
SDCCH and TCH availability, <100%
Low TCH assignment success rate
especially >10%
BTS measurementlocate cal drop and
assignment failure on TRX level
Alarm managementlocate hardware
failure
Dynamic managementAbnormal TRX
occupation
Check clock system
Monitor transmission system
Hardware problems
Traffic statistic Locate and Solution
Frequency checkanalyze C/I and
C/A
Frequency scanFind external
interference
DTCheck interference area and
quality distribution
Adjust BTSs transmit
power ,antenna downtilt or
frequency etc. to avoid interference;
Open FHDTXDPC
Fix equipment problems (TRX
Antenna)
CS basic measurementAnalyze
interference band level, change with
time and traffic
BTS measurementlocate
interference on TRX level
Handover reason measurementratio
of up/down link RQ Handover
Cell radio measurementAnalyze the
distribution of cell level and quality
Abis signaling traceAnalyze cells
and TRXs with high interference band
Interference
Traffic statistic Locate and solution
Make DT in estimate weak
coverage area
Adjust network parameters based on DT
Check BTS transmitting power,
antenna downtilt and height,
Rxlev_ACCESS_MIN, the neighbor
cell relationship, RXLEV_MIN of
handover candidate cell.
Adjust coverage, avoid over-
coverageweak coverage and lonely
island
Increase BTS sites
CELL performance high Up/link
RQ bad KPI
Power control : Low average
up/down link signal Rx-LEV
Cell radioToo much low signal
Rx-LEV
Handover reasontoo much
rescue handover (Rx-Lev and Rx-
QUAL handover)
Coverage
Call drop
Type
Radio link time out
Handover failure
LAPD call drop
BSC level
report
CELL level
report
BTS basic
measurement
Cell radio
CELL level
report
CS basic
Alarm
Common factor
Particular
factor
Alarm analysis
Traffic
statistic
Signaling
analysis
Other method
From whole to
particular
Locate to TRX Easy to locate
and analysis
First common,
then
particular
Execute and
solution
1 2
3 4 5
solution
Confirm call
drop cell
Call drop
reason
Call drop type TRX call drop
Call drop analysis
Unreasonable HO
parameters
Coverage
Hardware failure
Interference
Unbalance up/down
link
Other parameters
Call drop
Common factor already
discussed
Reasons of call drop
Traffic statistic Locate and solution
Make reasonable neighbor
cells
Adjust handover parameters
Check if there are unreasonable HO
parameters
Handover routine measurement:
check outgoing handover failure
Handover reason measurement:
check handover reason and percents
of each kind of handover;
Adjacent cell handover measurement:
Low successful outgoing HO (for
some cells)
CS basicHO TCH / calling TCH >3
Unreasonable HO parameters
Traffic statistic Locate and solution
Check TACDURDUBTS
boards and RF cable connection
Check antenna direction, tiltdown,
feeder and jumper connection,
antenna connector
Check VSWR
CS basic: UP/DOWN average
Rx_LEV.
Abis signaling trace: Analyze
UP/DOWN average Rx_LEV
Cell radio measurement: Analyze
UP/DOWN average Rx_LEV
UL/DL unbalance
Traffic statistic Solution
Modify the unreasonable
parameters
Check radio parameters
RLT and Rx-Acc-Min
Other unreasonable parameters
Handover analysis
Low HO success rate
CS Basic
Alarm
HO measurement
HO reason HO routine Adjacent cell
Incoming
Outgoing
PBGT
RXLEV
RXQUAL
Incoming/Outgoing
reason
General analysis idea
HO problem cells: all cells or individual cell?
HO direction: outgoing or incoming HO
failure
HO target cell: service cell With multi-cell or
With individual cell.
MSC1
BSC1
BSC2 BSC3
MSC2
1
2
3
Checking step of HO
Cells of low HO success rate
Cells of more HO failure numbers
Analyze outgoing/incoming HO failure
number, find out main factors of HO failure
Register out/in handover performance
Observe the feature of HO failure: for all
neighbor cells or single cell, for all conditions
or single reason that lead to HO failure
UP/DOWN
unbalance
Hardware
Unreasonable
parameters
Coverage
Interference
Low HO success
rate
Common factor already
discussed
Probable reasons for HO failure
Traffic Statistic Locate and solution
Check Pbgtrescue HO threshold,
HO function switch setting
Check TCH assignment due to
HO vs calling If handover/call
3probably Ping-pong HO exist ,
check and adjust handover
parameters setting Minimum
HO intervalPBGT margin etc

Cell performancelow HO
success rate
BTS measurementfind out TRX
with more HO failure
Handover reason measurement:
check handover reason and
percents of each kind of handover
Adjacent HO measurement: find
out which two cells have HO
failures
Unreasonable HO parameter
Traffic statistic Locate and solution
Target cell expansion or traffic
balance
Hardware troubleshooting
Adjust HO parameters
Adjacent cell optimization
Cell performancetarget cell
congestion
CS basiclow incoming HO success
rate, maybe hardware or interference
problems
Low outgoing HO success rate
maybe target cell congestion or
unreasonable HO parameters
Adjacent cell unreasonable neighbor
External cell: frequency, BSIC
Integrated analysis
Capacity or
unbalance traffic
Data configuration
Interference
Coverage
Antenna system
Unreasonable
parameters
TCH congestion
Common factor already
discussed
TCH congestion
Traffic statistic Locate and solution
Expansion or balance busy and
idle cell TRX configuration
Adjust coverageoutput power,
antenna direction, tiltdown, height
Adjust cell parametersCRO
RX-ACC-MIN, open traffic HO
function
Adjust cell selection priority, cell
HO parameters
Cell performance: Traffic per
channel>0.6
CS basic: Too much TCH
overflows
Cell performance: Unbalance
traffic
High congestion rate

Shortage of capacity or traffic unbalance
Traffic statistic Solution
Check antenna azimuth,
downtilt, connection of antenna
and feeder system.
Cell frequency scan: check the
main and diversity antenna
measurement
Cell radio measurement: signal
level, quality , interference
band
Signaling tracing:
measurement report analysis.
Antenna system problems
Traffic statistic Solution
Adjust unreasonable
parameter
Hardware troubleshooting
Performance report: check TCH
congestion
Alarm statistic: BTS or TRX
hardware failure
BTS measurement: check if TRX
problem?
Check cell parameters: Rx-Acc-
Min, cell resection parameters
Unreasonable cell parameters
SDCCH

Unreasonable
Para.
Capacity limit
SDCCH congestion
Interference
Unreasonable LAC
SDCCH congestion
Common factor already
discussed
Traffic statistic Solution
Adjust parameter: Random access
threshold, RACH access threshold
MaxRetransTx-Integer
T3212
Dual band parameter adjustment
CS basic: Check reason of
SDCCH congestion
Radio access: Immediate
assignment success / Immediate
assignment > 85%
Check para: All parameters with
relation to radio access
SDCCH available rate
Unreasonable parameters
Traffic statistic Solution
Expansion
Increase SDCCH
Adjust T3122T3212
RACH

Cell performanceBoth TCH and
SDCCH congestion
Cell performanceTCH no
congestion but SDCCH
congestion
Cell locationTraffic hub such as
airport, railway station
SMS increase greatly

System capacity limit
Traffic statistic Solution
Modify CRH
Adjust cell reselection para.
Modify T3212
Adjust other para.
Cell performanceSDCCH
congestion
CS Basictoo much location
update
LAC planningLAC border cross
heavy traffic area
Unreasonable LAC planning
Traffic statistic Solution
Check and adjust frequency
planning
Check and remove interference
Adjust access para.
Low RACH threshold, at the same
time, there is interference
Cell performanceSDCCH
congestion
CS basicSDCCH invalid access
Interference
CCCH congestion
Software version
Interference
Bad coverage
Transmission
Hardware
Reason
SDCCH assignment failure
Common factor already
discussed
Traffic statistic Solution
Adjust PCH and AGCH block
numbers
Frequency check
Work out transmission problems
Upgrade software version
CCCH congestionnot enough
AGCH
CS basicUplink interference
band, abnormal UP/DOWN RQ
Alarmequipment hardware
failure
Transmission system monitor
locate transmission problem
Software version
SDCCH assignment failure



Success assignment
Assignment failure
TCH assignment failure



Occupation
After
receives
CHANNEL
REQUIRE
command,
BSC will
inquire channel
resources in
MP database.
Allocation
BSC sends
Channel Activation
to BTS receives
BTSs feedback
message Channel
Activation ACK,
then allocation has
been done.
Assignment
It is carried out
between BSC
and MS. When
BSC receives
Establish
Indication, TCH
assignment is
successful.
1
2
3
TCH assignment analysis



Reason of TCH assignment failure
Hardware: TRXCDURF cable connection
Interference: C/I,C/A or external interference
Antenna feeder: Antenna and feeder damage,
linear antenna direction, downtilt not same, VSWR,
feeder cable cross connection
Unreasonable para: HSN/MAIO, T3107 small,
configuration para is different from planning
Coverage: weak coverage or UP/DOWN unbalance
Repeater: Induce UP/DOWN interference and
unbalance
Traffic statistic Solution
Check cell radio para
Check BERinterference band,
decrease interference
Check hardware problem
Driving test analysis
Check if BSC and BTS software
version match
Cell performancecells of TCH
assignment failure
CS Basicinterference band
call drophandoverUP/DOWN
RQ level
AlarmHardware
BTS measurementlocate TRX
with TCH assignment failure
NMS TRXThe time and number
of TCH and SDCCH assignment
TCH assignment failure
Contents
Overview of traffic statistic
Traffic statistic KPI
Locate and analyze network problems
Traffic statistic analysis instance
Call drop instance
Description
From 16 March, Cell I102 of BSC80 call drop number increase
greatlyCall drop rateinclude handover>7%
Analysis
Cell performance: call drop type: radio link failure
Interference band: a lot of strip 3
Check frequency planning: no problem
BTS measurement: TRX2 and TRX3 high assignment failure rate
Alarm: no
Handover parameters: TRX2 and TRX3 have same MAIO
Call drop instance
Solution
Change MAIO of TRX3 to 10
Region
Cell
Name
BSC ID CELL ID
TCH in call drop
rate(%)
Remark
NORTH I102 80 50022
8.17
before
7.74
7.53
7.97
1.03
after
0.94
0.85
0.76
Handover instance 1
Description
Cell performance: Site A cell 1 handover success rate
low
Analysis
Unreasonable parameter: No
From OMCR dynamic management: one TRX can not
be occupied, probably hardware problem
Solution
Change TRX, everything OK
Site name (LAC-CI)
HO
request
HO
success
HO
success
rate(%)
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 345 52 15.1
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 221 64 29
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 266 28 10.5
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 160 152 95
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 160 154 96.3
Handover instance
Result
TCH congestion instance 1
Description
From 21 Dec. according to cell performance reportsite 106
sector 3 of BSC8 in Libyan network, there is great TCH congestion,
TCH congestion rate (exclude handover)>30%
Analysis
There is no congestion for this sector before, TCH congestion rate
increase suddenly
Check cell performance and alarm of its neighboring cellswe
found one neighboring site 127 which locate oppositely suffered
power break, a lot of traffic was absorbed by site 106
Solution
After the power come back ,site 127 work properly, and site 106
TCH congestion disappeared
TCH congestion instance 1
BSC-SITE ID-BTS (LAC-CI)
SDCCH
congestion
rate(%)
TCH congestion
rate (exclude
handover)(%)
TCH overflow
(exclude handover)
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1 LAC8198-CI11061 0 0 0
Bsc8-Site106-Bts2 LAC8198-CI11062 0 0 0
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3 LAC8198-CI11063 0.04 30.24 936
After adjustment
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1 LAC8198-CI11061 0 0 0
Bsc8-Site106-Bts2 LAC8198-CI11062 0 0 0
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3 LAC8198-CI11063 0.04 0 0
TCH congestion instance 2
Description
In the evening of 2, April, we configured dynamic GPRS channel
to BSC1. and observed at daytime on 3, April, we found TCH
congestion rate went up remarkably.
Analysis
Decrease dynamic GPRS to one channel per cell before busy hour
on 3, April
We observed next day and found that, 11654(TCH assignment
failure number) of many cells under BSC1 is still very high
Signaling trace: Channel Activation failed for all the TCH come
from GPRS dynamic channel
Solution
Change dynamic GPRS channel to static channel, then to TCH
channel, network restored to normal.
SDCCH congestion instance
Description
Site 61, Cell 3 , SDCCH congestion rate increase
suddenly after put into service>35%
Analysis
CS basic: there are many location update.
LAC planning is OK
Probably data configuration problem
Solution
We found LAC of Cell 3 is 8198but the LAC of the
other two cells is 8199
Change back LAC to 8199
SDCCH assignment instance
Description
One BTS connect BSC by satellite , some type of
handset can not call properly
Analysis
Signaling trace: there is no EST IND after BSC send
IMMDIEATE ASSIGNMENT COMand BSC release
the channel
For satellite transmission, the transmission delay
between MS and BTS is about 150ms , this led some
type of handset can not receive Immediate assignment
command within required period.
Solution
BSC adopted optimized Immediate assignment process
TCH assignment instance
Description
Cell 3 of site 1, TCH assignment failure rate:12.28, Call
drop rate:6.9%, Handover in success rate:68.38%,
Handover out success rate:91.31%
Analysis
TCH assignment failure rate>10%, from which we can
exclude interference, maybe there is hardware problem.
BTS measurement: We found the second TRX has high
TCH assignment failure>30%
CQT: we found when the second TRX was occupied,
the Rx-Lev is 20dB less than that of BCCH.
Solution
Change TRX
TCH assignment instance
BSC -SITE
ID-BTS
(LAC-CI)
TCH call drop
rate (include
handover)(%)
TCH call drop
number
TCH assign
failure
rate(%)
Handover in
success
rate(%)
Handover
out success
rate(%)
Bsc80-
Site1-Bts3
LAC1003-
CI50003
6.9 98 12.28 68.38 91.31
After adjustment
Bsc80-
Site1-Bts3
LAC1003-
CI50003
0.9 5 2.28 92.38 92.89