UNIT-I

CLOUD COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

UNIT-I
Cloud Computing definition
private, public and hybrid cloud
Cloud types; IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.
Benefits and challenges of cloud computing,
Public vs Private clouds,
Role of virtualization in enabling the cloud;
Business Agility: Benefits and challenges to Cloud
architecture



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Sub waves in information age

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CSP Extension to ISP
ISP 1.0-access to internet for organizations and individuals
ISP 2.0-access to email and servers
ISP 3.0-host organizations servers along with
infrastructure and application
ISP 4.0(ASP)-provides specialized applications not only
infrastructure
ISP 5.0(CSP)-Iaas,Saas,PaaS
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Evolution of cloud computing
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Networks
Multiple regional networks linking computers
Initially at universities and national labs
Inter-Networking and the Internet
Inter-Networking of regional networks with TCP/IP
Began to replace regional alternatives
Worldwide adoption file transfer
remote resources and collaboration
Mainly used for highly scalable HPC jobs
The World Wide Web
HTML page format, HTTP protocol, and
Mosaic browser for document exchange
Initially in universities; worldwide adoption
Network Sharing
Information Sharing
Grid Computing
Standards and software for sharing of
Resource Sharing
Networking
Cloud Computing
Everything as a service over the Web:
SaaS, utility computing, IT services,
everywhere, always available, scalable,
Services Sharing
Evolution of Sharing
on the Internet
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Five characteristics of cloud computing
Attributes
Multitenancy-Unlike other computing,resources shared at
network,host and application level
Massive scalability-ability to scale bandwidth and storage
space
Elasticity-increase/decrease as needed,release when no
longer needed
Pay as you go-pay for usage
Self provisioning of additional systems(processing
capability, software,storage) and network resources

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Attribute of elasticity
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Architecture Relevant Technologies
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Technologies
1. Cloud access devices
HomePCs,enterprise PCs, network computers, mobile phones, handheld, static
devices(all are online)
Skype ,SalesForce application through iPhone
2. Browsers and thin clients
Access application and information from anywhere
Interface for Enterprise Application(SAP and Oracle)
3. High speed broadband access
4. Datacenters and server farms
Large computing capacity are hosted
Span across multiple location and interconnected
Google(inexpensive servers for flexibility and power),amazon
EC2(virtualization),SalesForce Saas(clustered customers for scalability and
flexibility)
5. Storage devices
1. Decreased cost with flexiblity replace DASD with SAN
2. Suitable enterprise storage
3. Independent allocation of storage on demand across no of devices
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6.Virtualization
Foundational Technology
Abstraction of compute resources(CPU,
storage,network,memory,application stack, and database) from
end users and application
Scalable, shared resource platform for all users-mutitenancy
business model
Provide dedicated source view for customers
Various forms
OS (VMWare,Xen)
Storage(NAS,SAN)
Databsae
Software(Apache Tomcat,Jboss,Oracle,AppServer,WebSphere)



Key Technology- Virtualization
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Hardware
Operating System
App App App
Traditional Stack
Hardware
OS
App App App
Hypervisor
OS OS
Virtualized Stack
Sun xVM hypervisor environment
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7.API
Enables self provisioning and programmatic control of cloud services
and resources
Depending on SPI,range from basic URL to SOA programs
Mask the complexity involved in cloud
Use Http,get,post,put delete
Each CSP has a unique API
Challenge:ubiquitious and consistent API(easy interoperability but
difficult to achieve)
API enabler for cloud computing
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SPI Framework
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Services Delivery Model
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Software as a service
No CapEx,only OpEx(rent and pay)
Benefits
Outsource hosting and management application
Controls and limits use
Prohibits copy and distribute
No special hardware ,use existing internet infrastructure
Different from ASP
Isolated,single-tenant model,not net-native application,poor
performance
Challenge:secure differentiation of data

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Platform as a service
Offers development environment to application developers
Charge for platform, sales and distribution service
no need for specialized administration skills, direct
deployment
Useful for web application
Elements
Browser based
Provide IDE for target delivery platform(debugging and test)
Integration with external web services and databases




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Infrastructure as a service
Entire infrastructure for running application
Utility computing
Abstract user from infrastructure(computing resources,
location, data partitioning, scaling, etc.,)
Features
Scalability
Pay as you go
Best-of-breed technology
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Scalability, reliability, and security with no development or
configuration cost
Support for formal and on-demand collaboration through
lifecycle
Pay-as-you-go metered billing
Difference
Multitenant development tool-multiple user with multiple
active project
Multitenant deployment architecture-built-in scalability
Integrated management-runtime monitoring
Integrated billing-pay for usage

Deployment model
Based on relationship to enterprise
Public(external)
Private(internal)
hybrid
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Public cloud
Hosted, operated and managed
by third party vendor
Services offered over a common
infrastructure
Third party vendors take care of
Security and data-to-day
operation


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Private cloud
Cloud computing on private network
provides hosted services to a limited number of people behind a firewall.
Dedicated to single organization
Organizational customer is responsible for cloud operation

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Types Dedicated Community managed
location Own data
center
Third party Own
datacenter
Operation
and
management
Internal IT
department
Vendors
bounded by
SLAs
vendor
owner customer Vendors
bounded by
SLAs

customer
Hybrid
Internal and/or external
providers
non-core application public
cloud
Core and sensitive application in
private cloud
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Difference
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CSPs
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Benefits
Dedicated/Traditional IT Cloud Computing
High upfront IT investments for
new builds
Low IT investments; pay-for-use
model
High cost of reliable infrastructure Reliability built into the cloud
architecture
High complexity of IT environment Modular IT architecture
environment
Complex infrastructure No infrastructure
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Key drivers
Small initial investment and low ongoing cost
avoid capital Expenditure
No purchase of h/w,s/w,network devices
Usage based billing
Economies of scale
Difficult to make accurate estimates because of sizing in life cycle
In cloud, acquire resources as needed
Low risk of missing deadline
Open Standards
based on open standards
Flexible to alter the source code
Sustainability
Stable environment
Limited points of failure

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Impact of cloud
Impact of cloud on different type of users
Individual consumers
Rely for storage and computing resources
Tremendous amount of data is available
Stores personal email
Store photos
Buy music
Find driving and walking directions
Develop webs
Individual business
Many free software, pay only for additional services/extra
capacity
Host website
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Use ebay to sell and market individual items
Place ads with search engine providers
Engage with on line banks
Use office assistants to arrange appointment
Start-ups
Small and Medium-size business
Based on complexity
Less diverse in skills
Enterprise business
Low level-access services beyond firewall
High level-use knowledge tool to support personal productivity
Mature level-use in business critical applicatio n

Governance in the cloud
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Barriers
Security & Privacy
Interoperability
Connectivity and performance
Reliability
Platform or language specificity
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Reference

Cloud Security and privacy by Tim Mather,Subra
Kumaraswamy,Shahed latif,Chapter 1,2
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