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R. Rakesh Kashyap (0925924)
2nd Semester MCA 12/13/09 G
Outline
Ø What is Cloud Computing ?
Ø History
Ø VIRTUALIZATION
Ø Why Cloud Computing?
Ø Service Providers of Cloud Computing
Ø Services Provided by Cloud Computing
Ø Cloud Architecture
Ø Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
Ø
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Definitions

…moving computing and data away from

the desktop and the portable PC and
simply displaying the results of
computing that takes place in a
centralized location and is then
transmitted via internet to user’s
screen.

- John Markoff
(NY Times Blog)

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Cloud computing is a general term
for anything that involves
delivering hosted services over the
Internet.

-whatis.com

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 It is a paradigm in which information is
permanently stored in servers on the
Internet and cached temporarily on
clients that include desktops,
entertainment centers, table
computers, notebooks, wall computers,
handhelds, etc.
 -IEEE


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…the idea of relying on Web-based
application and storing data in the
“CLOUD” of the internet.

-MIT Technology Review

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It is a paradigm shift whereby
details are abstracted from the
users who no longer need knowledge
of, expertise in, or control over the
technology infrastructure "in the
CLOUD" that supports them.

-Wikipedia

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It starts with the premise that the
data services and architecture
should be on the servers. We call it
Cloud Computing – they should be in
a “CLOUD” somewhere.

-Eric Schmidt
(Chairman/CEO of Google
Inc)

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In layman’s language…
Simple explanation with an example…

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 In June 2009, a study conducted by
VersionOne found that 41% of senior
IT professionals actually don't know
what cloud computing is and two-thirds
of senior finance professionals are
confused by the concept, highlighting
the young nature of the technology.


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 “Cloud” is simply a
metaphor for the
internet
 Users do not have or

need knowledge,
control, ownership in
the computer
infrastructure
 Users simply rent or

access the software,

paying only
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they use
History of Cloud Computing

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 Concept dating back to the 1960’s by John
McCarthy, a computer scientist, brought up
the idea that "computation may someday be
organized as a public utility”
 Idea that revolutionized Cloud Computing:

– Utility computing
– Grid computing
q “In some ways, the cloud is a natural next step
from the grid-utility model,” said Frank Gens,
an analyst at the research firm IDC
–
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Virtualization

Virtualization is “something which is not REAL,

but displays the full qualities of the REAL”.

A software implementation of a machine that

executes programs like a real machine.

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Typical Server Specs:

IBM System x3950 M2

§
§Processor : Intel Xeon Processor 7400 series
up to 2.66 GHz (six cores)/1066 MHz front-side
bus
§Cache ( max ) Up to 16 MB
§Memory ( max ) 4 GB or 8 GB/256 GB max PC2-5300 DDR II
§Maximum internal storage 587 GB
§P o w e r s u p p l y ( s t d / m a x ) 1440W 220V 2/2
§Warranty 3-year customer replaceable unit
and onsite limited warranty

COST US $17 , 642 . 04

Around 9lakhs INR 12/13/09
H Y P E R V IS O R is the SUPERVISOR
What is it ???

Ways to implement it ???

Hardware layer
Software layer

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ros of using Virtualization

Server Consolidation
Testing and development
Dynamic Load Balancing
Disaster Recovery
Virtual Desktops
Reduction in cost of infrastructure
Reduce power utilization cost ( GREEN COMPUTING )
Virtualization – The Cloud Computing Enabler

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ons of using Virtualization

Magnified physical failures

Degraded performance
New skills
Complex root cause analysis
New management tools
Virtual machine sprawl

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Back to main line

Why Cloud Computing ?

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NUMB
ER
OF
USER
S
The “ Super Computer ” in the Sky

o ways of building a “ super computer ”

th enough power that users can plug into
cording to their needs
a particular time :
–Blue Gene Approach
–Google's Approach

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 Major Service
Providers of Cloud
Computing


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 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud “Amazon
EC2”
–web service interface that provides resizable
computing capacity in a cloud
–designed to make web-scale computing easier
for developers
–reduces the time required to obtain and boot
new server space from weeks to minutes
–allows developers to pay only for capacity
that they actually use
–
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 “Google 101”
–Network made up of millions of cheap servers,
that would store staggering amounts of data,
including numerous copies of the world wide
web
–Makes search faster, helping ferret out answers
to billions of queries in a fraction of a
second
Google invests more than $2 billion a year
in data centers for cloud computing.
Google App Engine

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Salesforce.com was found in 1999 by former
Oracle executive Marc Benioff as a company
specializing in SaaS software.
They are best known for their Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) products, which it
delivers to businesses over the internet using
the SaaS model.
SaaS
Force . com Platform
Web Services

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“Azure”

–Internet-scale cloud computing and services
platform hosted in Microsoft data centers
–Provides a range of functionality to build
applications that span from consumer web to
enterprise scenarios
–Designed to help developers quickly and easily
create, deploy, manage, and distribute web
services and applications on the internet.

–
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IBM are developing cloud computing
applications for the everyday user
called CloudBurst.
IBM also offers “private” cloud
computing services using IBM blue
services software.
–Instead of putting information out
on the internet it makes the
companies data center into its
own cloud. This cloud is blocked
off from the internet using
firewalls.

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 Scalable Pricing in Cloud
Computing
 Models of Pricing
Free
Subscription Model
Pay Per Use
Enterprise Unlimited License

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Cost of using Cloud
infrastructure
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud pricing
 On-Demand Instances
 Linux/UNIX Windows
 Small (Default) $0.085 per hour
$0.12 per hour
 Large $0.34 per hour $0.48
per hour
 Extra Large $0.68 per hour
$0.96 per hour
 Data transfer Cost
 Data Transfer IN $0.10 per GB
 Data Transfer OUT
 First 10 TB per Month $0.17 per GB
 Next 40 TB per Month $0.13 per GB
 Next 100TB per Month $0.11
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Services Provided by Cloud
Computing

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 Software as a Service
Defined as service-on-demand, where a
provider will license software tailored
Infrastructure providers can allow
customers’ to run applications off their
infrastructure, but transparent to the end
user
Customers can utilize greater computing power
while saving on the following
–Cost
–Space
–Power Consumption
–Facility

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 Platform as a Service

Provides all the facilities necessary to support

the complete process of building and
delivering web applications and services, all
available over the internet
Infrastructure providers can transparently

alter the platforms for their customers’

unique needs
Google App Engine, Heroku, Mosso, Engine

Yard, Joyent or force.com (SalesForce

platform) are few of the examples of
service providers. 12/13/09
 In fra stru ctu re a s a S e rvice
 D e fin e d a s d e live ry o f co m p u te r
in fra stru ctu re a s a se rvice
Fu lly o u tso u rce d se rvice so b u sin e sse s d o n o t h a ve to
p u rch a se se rve rs, so ftw a re o r e q u ip m e n t
 In fra stru ctu re p ro vid e rs ca n d yn a m ica lly
a llo ca te re so u rce s fo r se rvice p ro vid e rs
S e rvice p ro vid e rs o ffe r th is se rvice to e n d u se rs
A llo w s co st sa vin g s fo r th e se rvice p ro vid e rs, sin ce
th e y d o n o t n e e d to o p e ra te th e ir o w n d a ta ce n te r
A d h o c syste m s a llo w q u ick cu sto m iza tio n to co n su m e r
dem ands
Amazon’s EC2, GoGrid, RightScale and Linode are few of the
examples of service providers.
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Wide Spectrum of Usage
 BitTorrent
 Skype
 Groove
 LinkedIn
 SecondLife
 YouTube
 Qualys
 Google
 Microsoft

q Forums
q Blog‐space
q Website Hosting 12/13/09
q VPS
Cloud Architecture
 Public Clouds
 Private Clouds
 Hybrid Clouds

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Public Clouds

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Private Clouds

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Hybrid Clouds

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Key properties of Cloud Computing
 User Centric
 Task-Centric

 Powerful

 Accessible

 Programmable

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Cloud Computing Pros
 Reduced Hardware equipment for end
users
 Improved Performance
 Lower Hardware and Software
Maintenance
 Instant Software Updates
 Accessibility
 Less Expensive
 Better Collaboration
 Pay for what you use
 Flexible
 Need not invest on multiple
licensing 12/13/09
C lo u d C o m p u tin g C o n s

qSecurity Issues (# 1 concern )

qInternet connection
qToo many platforms
qLocation of Servers
qTime for Transition
qSpeed

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Real time applications
1.Quote NY Times example
2.Starbucks Example(mystarbucks.com)
3.U.S. Army Example (goarmy.com)
4.Playfish (social gaming)
5.DigitalChalk (educational site)
6.Livemocha
7.Second Life (virtual game)
8.
9.
10. 12/13/09
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