Outlines

S.U.N Natural Gas Co. Ltd.

What is Natural Gas?
Natural Gas Consumption
Natural Gas Sources
Natural Gas Properties
Natural Gas Uses
Natural Gas Processing
NG Transportation
World Picture of Natural Gas
The future of Natural Gas
Sudan Energy Problems
Sudan Natural Gas
NG Syllabus Initiative
NG Syllabus Proposal
References










S.U.N Natural Gas Co. Ltd.
S.U.N natural gas company was initiated by the president
delegation to carry out Sudan LNG receiving terminal
project. The company was established in 2013.
Companys Aims
To provide Sudan with new green fuel.
Diversity in energy sources.
Secure the energy demand.
Boosting Sudan economy.
Meeting the electricity demand growth.
Increasing the industrial production .


S.U.N Natural Gas Co. Ltd.
Ongoing Projects:
Sudan zero flare program.

Ongoing Research:
NGH using Gum Arabic.

What is Natural Gas?
Natural gas is generally considered a nonrenewable
fossil fuel with methane as main ingredient.
NG is colorless, tasteless, and odorless.
Natural gas is recognized as a safe and environmental
responsible fuel and has reduced emissions in many
parts of the world.
Heating value of natural gas usually varies from 700
Btu/scf to 1,600 Btu/scf.
[1]

Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas linked to global
warming, is produced from oil and coal at a rate
approximately 1.4 to 1.75 times higher than
production from natural gas.
[3]




Natural Gas Compositions

Natural gas is a hydrocarbon
gas mixture consisting primarily
of methane, but commonly includes
varying amounts of other
higher alkanes and even a lesser
percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
and hydrogen sulfide.


Typical Compositions
[1]



Typical Compositions
[2]


Natural Gas Sources
Waste water treatment:

Natural Gas Sources-cont.
Natural Gas Properties
[2]

Natural Gas Uses
In Homes and Commercial Building:
space heating and water heating. It is also
used in stoves, ovens, clothes dryers, lighting
fixtures and air conditioning.
Electrical Power Generation
NG emits 30% less carbon dioxide than
burning oil and 45% less carbon dioxide than
burning coal.
[4]

As Raw Material:
Urea, Ammonia, Antifreeze, Plastics,
Pharmaceuticals, Methanol, Butane, Ethane,
Propane, and Acetic acid.
GTL process (gasoline, diesel)

Natural Gas Uses-cont.
As Heating Source:
In making glass, steel, cement, bricks,
ceramics, tile, paper, food products and
many other commodities. Also used for
incineration at many industrial facilities.
Natural Gas as a Vehicle Fuel
Natural gas has significant advantages over
gasoline and diesel fuel. Natural gas vehicles
emit 60-90% less smog-producing pollutants
and 30-40% less greenhouse gas emissions.
It also costs less per mile to operate a
natural gas vehicle compared to a gasoline
or diesel vehicle.
[4]


Natural Gas Processing
The three basic reasons for
processing raw natural gas are
the following:
Purification: Removal of
materials, valuable or not,
that inhibit the use of the gas
as an industrial or residential
fuel
Separation: Splitting out of
components that have greater
value as petrochemical
feedstocks, stand-alone fuels
(e.g., propane), or industrial
gases (e.g., ethane, helium)
Liquefaction: Increase of the
energy density of the gas for
storage or transportation.

NG Processing
Natural Gas
Processing
NG Transportation
Pipelines.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Compressed natural gas (CNG).
Gas to solids (GTS): hydrates.
Gas to power (GTP): electricity.
Gas to liquids (GTL): Diesel, or methanol.
Gas to commodity (GTC): cement, iron.
World Picture of Natural Gas
Natural gas is definitely a viable option in bridging the energy gap to
the next century. NG is sustainable because of it is large amount
reserved and supply in increase.

Trade flows worldwide (million tons)
Major NG trade movements 2012
World Picture of Natural Gas cont.
NG is Political Commodity
World Picture of Natural Gas cont.
The future of Natural Gas
On the supply side, it is growing:
New drilling technology makes it possible to extract quantities of
natural gas from tight shale formations that were unproductive in
the past.
Compressing natural gas into a liquid (LNG - liquefied natural gas)
enables countries without pipeline access to markets to produce
gas and ship it to distant locations.
New sources of natural gas: coal-bed methane, landfill gas and
deep water drilling.

On the demand side:
Low prices motivate using of natural gas as a replacement fuel.
Some electric utilities can easily switch to natural gas.
Favorable for the environment
Emissions legislation could result in a dramatic increase in natural
gas consumption in the electric power industry and other sectors.
Using as a vehicle fuel.




Sudan Energy Problems
Nowadays, Sudan suffers severe financial crisis with the eminent
demise of 75% of its oil revenues that represented over 90% of
its foreign currency after the secession of its Southern part after
a constitutional referendum.
Industrial production growth rate in Sudan (2012 est.) -28.9%,
the main cause of that the energy sources problem.
The only possible solution will be through finding new energy
source, and replacing the conventional ones with it.
The most important energy sources are: solar, water, nuclear, oil
and natural gas. From these NG is seen as the most appropriate
solution.


Sudan Natural Gas
According to the Oil & Gas
Journal (OGJ), Sudan and South
Sudan have 5 billion barrels of
proved crude oil reserves as of
January 1, 2013. According to
BP's 2013 Statistical Review,
approximately 3.5 billion barrels
are in South Sudan and 1.5
billion barrels are in Republic of
Sudan.



Sudans Natural Gas cont.
The proven reserves of
associated gas amount to
some 11 billion cubic meters.
[source: Ministry of Water
Resources & Electricity of
Sudan].
The share available for
production accounts
represents less than a third
of this amount (approx. 115
billion cubic feet or 3.3 billion
cubic meter).
There are considerable finds
of natural gas under
development, one being the
well to supply Al Fula
amounting to 130 billion
cubic feet or 3.7 billion cubic
meters of gas available for
production.

Sudans Natural Gas cont.
In addition, there are estimates of 770 billion cubic feet or 22
billion cubic meters of natural gas available in South Kordufan,
at Red Sea and to a small extent in Blue Nile state.
[4]



NG Syllabus Initiative
NG is clean and lower price energy sources.
In Associated Gas fields, oil and gas are produced at the same
time.
Oil is sold to markets, but gas when infrastructure or local gas
markets do not exist or when GAS is not included in the
agreement between the processor and the producer is
released to atmosphere,
It is either vented (not ignited) or flared (ignited), and the last
one is dominated because of that the global warming potential
of methane is 21 times that of CO
2
, so each methane molecule
would be 21 times better burnt than vented.
The main reason of the above problems is the absent of
knowledge and clear vision about natural gas.

For these reasons, S.U.N get the initiative of NG
Syllabus.
NG Syllabus Proposals
S.U.N proposed that NG Syllabus can be in the form of:
Faculty
Part of faculty (Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering,
Clean Energy, Green Engineering etc.)
Courses
Others
This is addition to the companys sponsorship of BSc and MSc
projects related to gas.
Trainings.


References
1. Dr. Boyun Guo and Dr. Ali Ghalambor; Natural Gas Engineering
Handbook; 2nd Edition; Gulf Publishing Company; 2005.
2. Saeid Mokhatab, William A. Poe, James G. Speight, et.al;
HANDBOOK OF NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION AND PROCESSING;
Gulf Professional Publishing; 2006.
3. Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing; Arthur J. Kidnay and
William R. Parrish; Taylor and Francis Group; 2006.
4. Energy Information Administration, USA.
Suggestions