EECS 4390/5390 1

EECS 4390/5390
Wireless and Mobile Networks

Fall 2014
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
The ni!er"it# of Toledo
$n"tructor% &ungh'an (im
EECS 4390/5390 2
Contents
1. Introduction and eneral !"er"iew
#. $e"iew on %robabilit&/Statistics and 'ra((ic ')eories*
3. Mobile $adio %ro+a,ation
4. C)annel Codin, and Error Control
5. ')e Cellular Conce+t
-. Multi+le $adio .ccess
/. Multi+le 0i"ision 'ec)ni1ues (or 'ra((ic C)annels
2. 'ra((ic C)annel .llocation
9. S+read S+ectru3* 4E5tra 3aterial6 or Mobile Co33unication S&ste3s
10. Satellite S&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390 3
C)a+ter 1. Introduction 7 eneral !"er"iew
1)0) *i"tor# of Telecommunication"
1)1) *i"tor# of Cellular S#"tem"
1)2) Characteri"tic" of Cellular S#"tem"
1)3) Fundamental" of Cellular S#"tem"
1)4) Cellular S#"tem $nfra"tructure
1)5) Satellite S#"tem"
1)+) ,et'or- .rotocol"
1)/) 0d *oc and Sen"or ,et'or-"
1)1) 2irele"" 30," and .0,"
EECS 4390/5390 4
1.0 8istor& o( 'eleco33unications

')e ob9ecti"e
4
$nterconnect u"er" communicating o!er !oice5 data5 or !ideo
6multimedia7 circuit"

0e(inition
4 'ele 8 Di"tant 69ree-7: Co33unication8Connection 63atin7
4 0 tec)nolo,& concerned 'ith communicating (ro3 a distance
4
0 di"tant tran"fer of in(or3ation from one location to another one
EECS 4390/5390 5

Cate,or& o( 'eleco33unication
EECS 4390/5390 +

%S'N 4%ublic Switc)ed 'ele+)one Network6

EECS 4390/5390 /
1.0.1 Si,ni(icance o( 'eleco33unication S&ste3s
; $n de!eloping countrie"5 '0 < 1= 6Data in 19917
; $n de!eloped countrie"5 50= < '0 < +0= 6Date in 19917
; $n )S)5 '08+4= 6Data in Dec) 19917
; $n >u""ian5 '0820= 6Data in Dec) 19917
?
8a"e essential i3+acts on de"elo+3ent o( a co33unit&
4 E"timate a countr#@" le!el of technical and economical de!elopment A#
loo-ing at it" 'ele+)one 0ensit& 6'07

8a"e t)e 3ost co3+licated e1ui+3ent in t)e world

4 Telephone "#"tem include" approBimatel# 100 million telephone"
'ith uni!er"al acce"" 619917
EECS 4390/5390 1
4 E:3ail5 Telephone5 Fac"imile5 CoAile phone5 etc)
4 Dan-ing5 automatic teller machine" 60TC75 tele:bankin,
4 0!iation5 bookin, of tic-et"
4 Credit card pa#ment" at ga"oline "tation"
4 Sales5 'hole"ale5 and order handling
4 Doo-ing hotel room" A# tra!el agencie"
4 Caterial purcha"ing A# indu"tr#
49o!ernment operation"5 "uch a" ta5ation5 etc)
4Sur"eillance and en"iron3ental obser"ation
?
8a"e an essential role in 3an& areas o( dail& li(e
EECS 4390/5390 9
: D# different access net'or- tec)nolo,ies% FiBed5 or Cellular
: $n different form" of source information% !oice/data/!ideo5 and
multimedia
1.0.# Co33unication Network
?
. ,rou+ o( connected de"ices allowin, users to s)are in(or3ation
?
Classi(ication
4 E'ner"hip%
30,5 20, and C0,
$in,5 Au"5 star5 tree5 h#Arid5 etc
Foice5 data5 !ideo5 3ulti3edia
Mobile; (i5ed
%ublic; +ri"ate or !irtual pri!ate net'or-
4 Spatial di"tance%
4 Topolog#%
4 T#pe of information%
4 Mobilit&%
4 2irele""% Wireless5 'ireline 6'ired7
EECS 4390/5390 10
< ')e block dia,ra3 o( a traditional co33unication s&ste3
(can be analog or digital)
1.0.3 =lock dia,ra3s o( co33unication s&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390
11
. block dia,ra3 o( di,ital co33unication s&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390 12
. block dia,ra3 o( cellular co33unication s&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390 13
1.0.4 8istorical %ers+ecti"e
Advances in Telecommunication" Technologie"
>ear CaGor De!elopment
113/
11/+
1115
1111
1939
1941
1910H
Morse in!ent" the tele,ra+)
Bell in!ent" the tele+)one
$ncorporation of 0TIT
Hertz di"co!er" the EM wa"e
Atanasoff de"igned the 1"t electronic co3+uter
Carriage of co3+uter and co33unication"
Internet and deskto+ computer came together
EECS 4390/5390 14
Co"t i3+ortant 3ilestones in the de!elopment of
electrical telecommunication" "#"tem"
EECS 4390/5390
15
1.1 8istor& o( Cellular S&ste3s
< 8istor& o( $adio and Cellular s&ste3

1110% *ertJ K $nitial demon"tration of practical radio communication

119/% Marconi ? $adio trans3ission to a tugAoat o!er an 11 mi path

1921% Detroit .olice Department% 44 %olice car radio di"patch 62 C*J

freLuenc# Aand7

1933% @CC 6Federal Communication" Commi""ion7 K 0uthoriJed four

channel" in the 30 to 40 C*J range

1931% FCC K >uled for regular "er!ice

194+% =ell 'ele+)one Aaboratories K 152 C*J 6SimpleB7

195+% FCC K 450 C*J 6Si3+le57

1959% Dell Telephone 3aAoratorie" K Sugge"ted 32 C*J Aand for high

capacit# moAile radio communication

19+4% FCC K 152 C*J 6Full DupleB7

19+4% Dell Telephone 3aAoratorie" K 0cti!e re"earch at 100 C*J

19+9% FCC K 450 C*J 6@ull 0u+le57

19/4% FCC K 40 M8B bandwidt) allocation in the 200 to 900 M8B ran,e

1911% FCC K >elea"e of cellular land 3obile +)one ser"ice in the 40 C*J
Aand'idth in the 100 to 900 C*J range for co33ercial operation
EECS 4390/5390 1+

1911% 0TIT and >CC 6>adio Common Carrier7 reach an agreement to

s+lit 40 M8B s+ectru3 into two #0 M8B bands) Dand 0 Aelong" to
non'ireline operator" 6>CC75 and Dand D Aelong" to 'ireline
operator" 6telephone companie"7) Each mar-et ha" t'o operator")

1912% 0TIT i" di!e"ted5 and se"en $=!Cs 6>egional Dell Eperating
Companie"7 are formed to 3ana,e t)e cellular o+erations

1912% CF& 6Codified Final &udgment7 i" i""ued A# the go!ernment DE&)
0ll the operator" 'ere prohiAited to 617 operate long4di"tance
Au"ine""5 627 pro!ide information "er!ice"5 and 637 do
manufacturing Au"ine""

1913% .3eritec) "#"tem in operation in Chicago

1914% Co"t >DEC mar-et" in operation

191+% FCC allocates 5 M8B in eBtended Aand

191/% FCC ma-e" lotter& on the "mall CS0 and all >S0 licen"e"

1911% '0M. 6Time Di!i"ion Cultiple 0cce""7 !oted a" a di,ital cellular
standard in Nort) .3erica

1992% SM 69roupe Speciale CoAile7 operaAle in er3an& D2 "#"tem

EECS 4390/5390 1/

1993% C0M0 6Code Di!i"ion Cultiple 0cce""7 !oted a" anot)er digital
cellular standard in Nort) .3erica

1994% 0merican TDC0 operaAle in Seattle5 2a"hington

1994% .DC 6.er"onal Digital Cellular7 operaAle in To-#o5 &apan

1994% T'o of "iB broadband %CS 6.er"onal Communication Ser!ice7 licen"e

Aand" in auction

1995% CDC0 operaAle in *ong (ong

199+% S Congre"" pa""e" Telecommunication >eform 0ct Dill

199+% The auction mone# for "iB AroadAand .CS licen"ed Aand" 6120 C*J7
almo"t reache" 20 Aillion S dollar"

199/% =roadband C0M. considered a" one of the t)ird ,eneration moAile
communication technologie" (or CM'S 6ni!er"al CoAile
Telecommunication S#"tem"7 during the CTS 'or-"hop conference
held in Dorea

1999% I'C 6$nternational Telecommunication nion7 decide" the neBt

generation moAile communication "#"tem"
6e)g)5 W:C0M.; cd3a#0005 etc7

2001% W:C0M. co33ercial ser"ice Aeginning in &apan

2002% FCC appro!e" additional freLuenc# Aand for Cltra:W=

EECS 4390/5390 11
.++lication $adio (re1uenc& allocation 4M8B6
0mateur >adio
14441495 21+42205 22242255 42044505 90249215 12404
13005 2300423055 2390424505 3300435005 5+5045925
Droadca"t 6TF7
/+4115 1/4421+
Cellular %)one
2#4:249; 2-9:294
9eneral 24"er!ice
450044++05 4++044+15;
$ndu"trial5 S) and C)
90249215 2450425005 5/25451/5
>adiotelephone and
>adio paging "er!ice
1524152)2555 152)4954152)1555 15/)/554151)1155 4544
4555 45944+05 92949305 9314932
.CS
90149025 93049315 9404941: 115041990
Satellite "er!ice
13/41315 1414150)055 400)155 4015 455445+5 45944+0:
1215412405 1350414005 155941+10: 1525415595 1+2+)54
1++0)5: 1+1041+2+)55 2413425005 509145250;5 +/004
/0/4;: 232042345: 3/0044200
< Selected CS radio (re1uenc& allocation and .++lication
: $e3arkE ; 2irele"" Spectrum Finder5 McGraw-Hill5 2001
; 3imited freLuenc# re"ource
EECS 4390/5390 19
>ear E"ents and C)aracteristics
19/0" De!elopment" of radio and computer technologie" for
200/900 M8B 3obile co33unications
19/+ 20>C 62orld 0dmini"trati!e >adio Conference7 allocate"
s+ectru3 (or cellular radio
19/9 ,TT 6,ippon Telephone I Telegraph7 introduce" the fir"t
cellular "#"tem in &apan
1911 ,CT 6,ordic CoAile Telephone7 900 "#"tem introduced A#
Ericsson >adio S#"tem 0D and deplo#ed in Scandina"ia
1914 .M%S 60d!anced CoAile .hone Ser!ice7 introduced A#
0TIT in ,orth 0merica
< 1 4@irst eneration6 Wireless S&ste3s and Ser"ices
EECS 4390/5390 20
>ear E"ents and C)aracteristics
1912 CE.T 6Conference Europeenne de" .o"t et Telecommunication"7
e"taAli"hed SM to de(ine (uture %an:Euro+ean cellular $adio
Standards
1990 $nterim Standard IS:54 6SDC7 adopted A# T$0 6Telecommunication"
$ndu"tr# 0""ociation7
1990 $nterim Standard $S419D 6,0C.S7 adopted A# T$0
1991 &apane"e .DC 6.er"onal Digital Cellular7 "#"tem "tandardiJed A# the
C.T 6Cini"tr# of .o"t" and Telecommunication"7
1992 %)ase I SM "#"tem i" operational
1993 $nterim Standard IS:95 4C0M.6 adopted A# T$0
1994 $nterim Standard $S413+ adopted A# T$0
1995 %CS Aicenses i""ued in ,orth 0merica
< # Wireless S&ste3s and Ser"ices
EECS 4390/5390 21
IM':#000
4 Fulfill oneM" drea3 o( an&w)ere; an&ti3e co3)
(e# Feature"
4
*igh Lualit#
4
Small terminal for 'orld'ide u"e
4
Worldwide roa3in, capaAilit#
4
CapaAilit# for 3ulti3edia a++lications and a 'ide
range of "er!ice" and terminal"
4
*igh degree of commonalit# of de"ign 'orld'ide
4
Co3+atibilit& of "er!ice 'ithin $CT42000 and wit)
t)e (i5ed networks
$mportant
Component"
4
# Mb+s (or (i5ed en!ironment
4
324 kb+s for indoor/outdoor and pede"trian
en!ironment
4
144 kb+s for "e)icular en!ironment
StandardiJation
4 $n progre""
Scheduled Ser!ice
4 Started in EctoAer 2001 in &apan 6W:C0M.7
< 3 Wireless S&ste3s and Ser"ices 4IntFl Mobile 'eleco33:#0006
EECS 4390/5390 22
Can Cse t)e sa3e tele+)one nu3ber across
,eo,ra+)ical areas in a wireless and 3obile s&ste3
Microwave
Tower
Cell
Cincinnati
Was)in,ton; 0C
Cni"ersal Cell %)one Co"era,e
EECS 4390/5390 23
< Subscriber ,rowt) (or wireless +)one 4not e"en (or 46
3 Subscribers
# 0i,ital onl& Subscribers
1 .nalo,ue onl& Subscribers
S
u
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1
9
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9
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9
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9
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3
1
9
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4
1
9
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9
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>ear
EECS 4390/5390
24
< 4/5 and itFs relations)i+ wit) +re"ious ,enerations
1 # 3 4
.nalo, techniLue" 0i,ital information
tran"mi""ion
al"o in radio interface
lobal s&ste3E
CM'S
De!eloped !er"ion of
CTS
FreLuenc# modulation
4@M6
Ene 'idel# deplo#ed
"#"tem% SM
Cultiple acce""
techniLue%
WC0M.
Entirel# +acket
"'itched net'or-")
Can# regional "#"tem"%
,CT5 0C.S
lobal roa3in, Core computing
po'er in terminal"
and net'or-
element"
.ll net'or- element"
are di,ital)
Idea o( cellular net'or- Cultiple acce""
techniLue% '0M.
Core net'or-
e!olution to'ard"
I%
Girtual $ealit&
CoAilit#% hando!er"5
li3ited roa3in,
0ata ser"ices po""iAle Multi3edia
Cultiple acce""
techniLue% @0M.
FleBiAle "er!ice
addition
.D0
Car telephone $ncrea"ed capacit#
S+eec) call"
EECS 4390/5390 25
eneration >ear o( Ser"ice Ma9or s&ste3s %eak data rate
19 1913 .M%S
29 1991 SM;
.DC5 IS:54;
IS:95
13 -Ap"
1 -Ap"
9)+ kb+s
39 200142004 WC0M.;
C0M.#000
# Mb+s
49 2015 or after !@0M4Aa"edN H#0 Mb+sI
EECS 4390/5390
2+
Macrocell
Suburban
Microcell
Crban
Satellite
lobal
lobal
%icocell
In:buildin,
Co"era,e .s+ect o( Ne5t eneration Mobile
Co33unication S&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390 2/
< 'rans3ission ca+acit& as a (unction o( 3obilit&
D
r
o
a
d
A
a
n
d

r
a
d
i
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9
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C
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"
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
M
o
b
i
l
i
t
&
ni!er"al
CoAile
Telecommunicat
ion" S#"tem
CoAile DroadAand S#"tem
DroadAand Satellite Cultimedia
3ocal Cultipoint Di"triAution S#"tem
Satellite ni!er"al CoAile
Telecommunication"
S#"tem
0ata rate 4Mb/s6
Stationar&
%edestrian
Ge)icular
EECS 4390/5390
21
< Mobilit& and 3obilit& ,eneration 4now 4 and towards 56
EECS 4390/5390 29
< Market +enetration o( 3obile +)ones +er 100 +eo+le 419926
EECS 4390/5390 30
1.# C)aracteristics o( Cellular S&ste3s
< Wireless 'ec)nolo,ies and .ssociated C)aracteristics
'ec)nolo,& Ser"ices Co"era,e
.rea
Ai3itations E5a3+les
Cellular FID A# phone Continuou" Aow bandwidt) Cellular phone
2irele"" 30, 30, 'ith 24
interface
3ocal
en!ironment
3imited ran,e CotorolaM"
03T0$>
9.S 34D .) F) T) 0n# place on the
Earth
,o' affordaAle 9,SS
Satellite4Aa"ed
.CS
Foice paging and
me""aging
0lmo"t an#place $t i" costl& 'eledesic
>icochet *4Speed5 Secure
moAile acce"" to
the de"-top from
out"ide
CaGor citie"5
airport" and
ni!er"itie"
Tran"mi""ion
limitation5 JoS
CCD,
EECS 4390/5390 31
'ec)nolo,& Ser"ices Co"era,e .rea Ai3itations E5a3+les
*ome
,et'or-ing
To "hare file"
and de!ice"
0n# 'here in the
hou"e
Enl# in home $ntel an# .oint
home net'or-
.d 8oc
,et'or-"
Short time for
"haring data
Same a" 30, Aut
in(rastuctureless
3imited range 0e(ense
.++lications)
Sensor
,et'or-"
Sen"or" 'ith
'irele""
capaAilitie"
S3all 'errain Fer# limited
0rea
0e(ense and
Ci"ilian
application"
=luetoot) 0ll digital
de!ice" are
connected
'ithout an#
caAle
.ri!ate ad4hoc
grouping" a'a#
from fiBed
net'or-
infra"tructure"
>ange i"
limited due to
the s)ort
ran,e radio
link u"ed
*ome de!ice"
EECS 4390/5390 32
< %artition o( Wireless and Mobile C)aracteristics
%ublic S+)ere 'ra((ic and disaster information "#"tem"5 per"onal
"ecurit#
=usiness S+)ere CoAile !ideophone5 !ideo conference5 database e4
mail
%ri"ate S+)ere
Fideo4Aa"ed information "er!ice"5 interacti"e 'G and
game"5 E:books5 s)o++in,5 'eather foreca"t" and
(inancial information
EECS 4390/5390 33
< %otential .++lications o( 0i((erent Ser"ices
Wireless
@eatures
E4mail 230, 9.S Satellite4
Aa"ed .CS
.++lication
.reas
0irline
0cti!itie"
=ill %a&in,
Sale" Force
>etail
2arehou"e"
*o"pitalit#
8ealt)
Care
Car rental
agenc#
Sport"
69olf7
Sur!e#ing
Iridiu3
Telede"ic
EECS 4390/5390
34
Medical and 8ealt)care .++lications
.'M
=ackbone
Network
.'M
=ackbone
Network
.o""iAilit# for >emote con"ulting
6including 0udio Fi"ual communication7
.'M Switc)
Wireless $e3ote
consultation (ro3
.3bulance
.'M Switc)
$e3ote
0atabases
In 8os+ital
%)&sician
Sensors on bod&
EECS 4390/5390 35
1.3 @unda3entals o( Cellular S&ste3s
< Illustration o( a cell wit) a =S and MSs
=S
MS
Cell
MS
.lternati"e s)a+e
o( a cell
Ideal cell area
4#:10 k3 radius6
8e5a,onal cell area
used in 3ost 3odels
EECS 4390/5390 3+
< @0M.
< @0M. =andwidt)

< @0M. C)annel

allocation

EECS 4390/5390
3/
< '0M.
< '0M. @ra3e illustration

< '0M. @ra3e Structure

EECS 4390/5390 31
< C0M.
< 'rans3itted and recei"ed code in a C0M. S&ste3
EECS 4390/5390
39
!@0M 4!rt)o,onal @re1uenc& 0i"ision Multi+le5in,6
Con"entional 3ulticarrier 3odulation used in @0M.
!rt)o,onal 3ulticarrier 3odulation used in !@0M
@re1uenc&
@re1uenc&
EECS 4390/5390 40
@re1uenc& 8o++in, 4@@8 or S@86
FreLuenc#
f
5
f
4
f
3
f
2
f
1
Frame Slot
Time
EECS 4390/5390
41
1.4 Cellular S&ste3 In(rastructure
< Earl& Wireless S&ste3E
Aar,e Bone
< Cellular S&ste3E
S3all Bone
EECS 4390/5390
42
.rc)itecture o( cellular network
68A$% home 3ocation >egi"ter5 GA$ % Fi"itor location >egi"ter7
4 =asic arc)itecture
EECS 4390/5390 43
%S'N
8o3e +)one
=SC
K
K K
=SC
K
=SC
K
=SC
K
=S
MS
=S
MS
=S
MS
=S
MS
=S
MS
=S
MS
=S
MS
=S
MS
MSC K MSC
EECS 4390/5390 44
617 .CS co!erage area con"i"t" of 3ulti+le cells
627 Each cell i" eLuipped 'ith a Aa"e "tation 6=S7
637 0 group of cell" form a re,istration area 4$.6
647 Each >0 i" eLuipped 'ith a 3obile switc)in, centre 6MSC7
657 CSC" are connected to the puAlic "'itched telephone net'or- 6%S'N7
;; $n current .CS5 the .ST, i" u"ed a" the backbone 'ireline net'or-
; The eBplanation of =asic .rc)itecture and Ele3ents
EECS 4390/5390
45
4 1) Call deli"er&
EECS 4390/5390
4+
; The detailed eBplanation of Call 0eli"er& %rocedure
617 The calling CT "end" a call initiation "ignal to it" "er!ing CSC through
the nearA# DS:
627 The CSC of the calling CT "end" a location reLue"t me""age to the
*3> of the CT:
637 The *3> determine" the current "er!ing CSC of the called CT and
"end" a route reLue"t me""age to thi" CSC:
647 The CSC determine" the cell location of the called CT and a""ign" a
temporar# location director# numAer 6T3D,7 to the called CT) The
CSC then "end" thi" T3D, to the *3>:
657 The *3> "end" the T3D, to the CSC of the calling CT) The callin,
CSC can no' "et up a connection to the called CSC through the
.ST,)
EECS 4390/5390
4/
4 #) Aocation $e,istration
EECS 4390/5390
41
; The eBplanation for Aocation $e,istration %rocedure
617 The CT mo!e" into a ne' >0 and "end" a location update me""age to the
nearA# DS:
627 The DS for'ard" thi" me""age to the ne' "er!ing CSC:
637 The ne' CSC update" it" a""ociated F3>5 indicating that the moAile
terminal i" no' re"iding in it" "er!ice" area and "end" a location
regi"tration me""age to the *3>:
647 The *3> "end" a regi"tration ac-no'ledgment me""age to the ne'
CSC/F3> together 'ith a cop# of the "uA"criAerM" u"er profile:
657 The *3> "end" a regi"tration cancellation me""age to the old CSC /F3>:
6+7 The old CSC remo!e" the record for the CT at it" a""ociated F3> and
"end" a cancellation ac-no'ledgment me""age to the *3>)
EECS 4390/5390
49
4 @our si3+le5 channel Aet'een DS and CS in a cell 6C+E to =S5 0ownE to
MS user. .lwa&s L@orwardM 3eans (ro3 =S; L$e"erseM 3eans (ro3 MS6
EECS 4390/5390
50
; Ste+s (or a call setu+
(ro3 MS to =S
4
8ands)ake "tep" for a call setu+ between MS and =S
; Ste+s (or a call setu+
(ro3 =S to MS
EECS 4390/5390 51
1.5 Satellite S&ste3s
1945 Started from an e""a# titled OE5tra 'errestrial $ela&sP
195/ Fir"t Satellite "#"tem5 S%C'NID
19+0 Fir"t reflecting communication "atellite5 EC*E
19+3 Fir"t geo4"tationar# "atellite5 S>NC!M
19+5 Fir"t commercial geo4"tationar# "atellite5 OEarl# DirdP
6$,TE(S0T $7
1912 @irst 3obile satellite telephone "#"tem INM.$S.'40
1911 Fir"t "atellite "#"tem for moAile phone" and data communication5
$,C0>S0T4C
1993 Fir"t di,ital satellite tele+)one "#"tem
1991 lobal satellite "#"tem" for s3all 3obile +)ones
< 8istor& o( Satellite S&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390 52
Traditional
0pplication"
4
2eather "atellite 6N!..7
4
>adio and 'G broadcast "atellite"
4
Militar& "atellite 6Cil"tar of )S7
Telecommunication
0pplication"
4
9loAal telephone connection"
4
=ackbone (or ,lobal networks
4
Connection" for communication in
re3ote +laces or under:de"elo+ed
areas
4
lobal 3obile co33unications
< .++lication .reas o( Satellite S&ste3s
EECS 4390/5390 53
?
S#"tematic Signaling Step" for $nformation EBchange
?
Epen S#"tem" $nterconnection" 6!SI Model7
?
Tran"mi""ion Control .rotocol 6'C%7
?
$nternet .rotocol 6I%7
4 $nternet .rotocol Fer"ion 4 6$.!47
4 $nternet .rotocol Fer"ion + 6I%"-7 K 2or- in progre""
4 Mobile I%; Goice I%
1.-. Network .rc)itectures and %rotocols
EECS 4390/5390
54
?
.d )oc Network% $nfra4"tructure4le""
1./ .d )oc and Sensor Networks
EECS 4390/5390 55
?
1.2)Wireless Sensor NetworkE
EECS 4390/5390
5+
?
2irele"" 30, u"ing the $EEE 102)11
?
*iper30, i" a European Standard
?
2irele"" %ersonal .rea Network 4%.N6
4 =luetoot)
?
*ome>F
1.9 Wireless A.Ns and %.Ns
EECS 4390/5390
5/
?
,ote'orth# 2irele"" 30, and .0, TechniLue"
'&+e o( Networks $an,e o( Node De& @unction 0e+lo&ed areas
.d 8oc Networks
H500 3eters $nfra"tructurele""
2IC
=attle(ield;
disaster area
Sensor Networks 2 meter"
Monitor
inho"pitaAle or
inacce""iAle
terrain cheapl#
,uclear I
chemical plant"5
ocean5etc
=luetoot)
,et'or-"
10 3eters 2irele""5 low
3obilit&
!((ices
>icochet 30 meter" *4"peed 'irele""
internet acce""
0irport"5 office"
IEEE 20#.11 30 meter" 0 "tandard for
'irele"" node"
0n# +eer:to:
+eer connection
EECS 4390/5390
51
1.10 $ecent .d"ances 4o( Co33. Networks6
; Co3+anies and Institutions 'ill "tart u"ing !ideo conference"
from the de"-top
; ')e cable 'G and tele+)one co3+anies no' de+lo& "ideo:on:
de3and networks
;; u"ing a )&brid (iber:coa5ial caAle technolog# and
;; u"ing high4"peed tran"mi""ion" o!er telephone line"
; Internet En,ineers 'ill -eep on impro!ing the router technolog#
and the protocol" to offer Aetter Lualit# of "er!ice5 e"peciall# for
di"triAution of !ideo and !ideo conference
4
Wired Aine Network
; Internet 'ill -eep on gro'ing 'ith more u"er" and fa"ter
communication lin-" and router"
EECS 4390/5390 59
; .ll +)one Web:enabledE E!er# ne' moAile phone 'ill Ae eLuipped 'ith
"ome -ind of $nternet acce"" technolog#5 from the relati!e primiti!e 20. to
ne'5 high4"peed "#"tem" 620027
; 3 and 4E Mobile 3ulti3edia networks 'ill Aecome commonplace5
offering data rat of up to 2 CAp" 620027 and higher
; Goice reco,nitionE .hone" gain aAilit# to recogniJe and under"tand human
commend"5 e!en again"t Aac-ground noi"e of moAile en!ironment 620027
4
Wireless 7 Mobile Network
; Wireless Gideo+)one% ComAining a 2eAcam and a moAile phone 'ith a
.alm4t#pe de!ice5 allo'ing fa"t acce"" to the 2eA 6no' Q7
; Girtual retinal dis+la&sE The"e 'ill u"e tin# proGector" mounted in the frame"
of gla""e" to "hine image" directl# onto a u"erM" retina5 allo'ing acce"" to info
"er!ice" 'hile 'al-ing around or interacting 'ith other people 620037
EECS 4390/5390 +0
; Internet a++liancesE $t 'ill Ae rare to find ne' 'hite good" K refrigerator"5
di"h'a"her"5 and the li-e K that do not ha!e a Auilt4in $nternet connection) The
,et 'ill Ae a" uAiLuitou" a" microchip" Aecame in the 1990" 620107
; Internet on MarsE 0 "erie" of communication" "atellite" orAit the planet
Car"5 all Aa"ed on the sa3e standard +rotocols as t)e Internet 620017
; Con"ersation wit) a co3+uterE (e#Aoard 'ill no longer Ae nece""ar#)
CoAile phone" 'ill lin- u" to po'erful tran"lation computer5 fluent in e!er#
language 6200/7
; More wireless t)an (i5ed:line +)onesE Same rate for Aoth: .hone R 'ill refer
to people5 not place") The idea of "tanding in a fiBed "pot 'hile ma-ing a call
might "eem rather Luaint 6200+7
; Wireless A.N standard on co3+uters% E!er# ne' computing de!ice 'ill
ha!e a Auilt4in 'irele"" 30, connection of "ome -ind5 enaAling "imple
point4
and4pla# net'or-ing 620057
EECS 4390/5390 +1
; @ull; direct brain linkE .eople 'ill ha!e 'irele"" data de!ice" hard'ired into
their Arain"5 allo'ing in"tant telepathic communication) 3earning 'ill Aecome
oA"olete Aecau"e high "peed net'or-" 'ill allo' people to acce"" the "um
total of all human -no'ledge a" ea"il# a" the# acce"" their o'n memorie")
Thi" technolog# rai"e" all -ind" of oAGectionaAle po""iAilitie" 620307
; Mind readin,E Thought recognition 'ill Aecome the "tandard form of input)
Cachine" 'ill act a" an eBten"ion of the u"erM" Aod#) Ca-ing a call in a puAlic
place 'ill no longer di"turA other" 620257
; 8olo+)oneE CoAile phone" 'ill Ae aAle to proGect three4dimen"ional mo!ing
image" of people and other oAGect" 620207
; $e3ote:controlled carsE >oad" 'ill Ae made "afer a" po'erful traffic
computer" ta-e o!er dri!ing5 pre!enting accident" and automaticall# routing
e!er# !ehicle !ia the mo"t efficient path 620157
; 4% =roadband 3obile s&ste3s 'ill appear5 offering data rate" up to 100
Mb+s 4#0106 and be&ond usin, A'E; A'E:. 4#0136 (or 5