Communicable

Diseases
By: Patrick Miel B. Olanda
Registered Nurse
St. Paul Hospital-Cavite
A Guide For Todays Discussion
I. Familiarize Some Medical Terms
II. Communicable Diseases
A. Description of Disease
B. Pictures
C. Treatment
III. Personal Safety and Prevention


Before we start, Let us familiarize
first with some Medical Terms.
VIRUSES and BACTERIA
These are tiny organisms that may
lead to mild to severe
illnesses in humans,
animals and plants.
What is the comparison
between the two?
VIRUSES

BACTERIA

SIGNS
Objective
SYMPTOMS
Subjective
Communicable Disease
Nakakahawang Sakit
Contagious (Kumakalat)
Treatment
Lunas
Prevention
Pag-iwas


1. PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of
the lungs.
Many germs, such as bacteria, viruses,
and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
You can also get pneumonia by inhaling a
liquid or chemical.
People most at risk are older than
65 or younger than 2 years of
age, or already have health
problems.




SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
high fever
shaking chills
cough with phlegm that doesn't improve or
gets worse
shortness of breath
chest pain when you breathe or
cough
feel suddenly worse after a
cold or the flu

TREATMENT
HOSPITALIZATION
ANTIBIOTICS
OXYGEN THERAPY
NEBULIZER

2. LEPTOSPIROSIS
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that
affects humans and animals.
It is caused by bacteria of the genus
Leptospira.
Without treatment, Leptospirosis can lead
to kidney damage, meningitis
(inflammation of the membrane
around the brain and spinal
cord), liver failure, respiratory
distress, and even death.





SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Headache
Fever (38-40C)
Rigors
Muscle pain (typically localized to the calf
and lumbar areas)
Nausea and vomiting
Anorexia
Diarrhea
Cough
Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
Nonpruritic rash
Icteric leptospirosis, also known as Weil
disease, is a severe illness whose classic
manifestations include the following:
Fever
Jaundice
Renal failure
Hemorrhage

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

TREATMENT
HOSPITALIZATION
ANTIBIOTICS
KIDNEY CARE
(HEMODIALYSIS)

3. DENGUE FEVER
Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of
an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue
virus.
The mosquito becomes infected when it
bites a person with dengue virus in their
blood. It cant be spread directly from one
person to another person.


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Pinpoint Rash
Fatigue
Headache (especially behind the eyes)
Joint aches
Muscle aches
Nausea
Swollen lymph nodes
Vomiting

Cough
Sore throat
Nasal stuffiness
Hemorrhage (Late Stage)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

TREATMENT
HOSPITALIZATION
FLUID REPLACEMENT
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
4. MERS COV
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome:
Corona Virus
Most people who have been confirmed to
have MERS-CoV infection developed
severe acute respiratory illness
About 30% of people confirmed to
have MERS-CoV infection have
died.




Fever 100 degrees F or higher
Cough
Breathing difficulties
Chills
Chest pain
Body aches
Sore throat
Malaise - a general feeling
of being unwell

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Headache
Diarrhea
Nausea/Vomiting
Runny nose
Renal (kidney) failure
Pneumonia

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT
HOSPITALIZATION
ANTIVIRAL DRUG
THERAPY
SUPPROTIVE CARE

5. EBOLA VIRUS
The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious
illness which is often fatal if untreated.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared
in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one
in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in
Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo.
The latter occurred in a village near
the Ebola River, from which
the disease takes its name.



TREATMENT
HOSPITALIZATION
FLUID REPLACEMENT
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
PERSONAL
SAFETY AND
PREVENTION
1. STRICT HANDWASHING

2. ISOLATION
PRECAUTION


3. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE