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TENSES
Present Indefinite/Simple Present
2
TENSES
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Present Progressive/Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous
Future Indefinite/Simple Future
Future Progressive/Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Progressive/Continuous
Past Indefinite/Simple Past
Past Progressive/Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous
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FORMS OF VERBS
1.V
o
V
s
2.V
ed
3.V
n
4.V
ing
5.V
to
write
writes
Wrote
written
writing
to write
Present Tense
Past Tense
Past Participle
Present Participle
To-infinitive
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
1. Repeated actions
Customs:
I never procrastinate my work.
Many officials take bribe in Pakistan.
Habits
The Muslims observe fast in the
month of Ramdan.
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Routines:
We attend all our companys
meetings.
She takes English Grammar
class thrice in a day.
1. Repeated actions
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Permanent
2. Facts
Water boils at 100 oC.
The Sun rises in the east.
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Present (Temporary)
I live in Gulshan-e-Iqbal.
This pen costs Rs. 10.
2. Facts
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
3. Feelings
I love my mother.
She hates smoking.
9
Present Indefinite/Simple Present
4. Thoughts:
I think he will accede
to your proposal .
We believe this is the best
time to introduce the product.
10
Present Indefinite/Simple Present
5. Sports Commentary (For progressive actions)
Umar takes the ball, starts to run, runs fast,
throws the ball and the batsman is out!
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
6. Historic past:
Oliver enters the room, sees around, tries to talk
to the person in the room but doesnt have nerve
to speak and returns.
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
7. Newspaper headlines
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
8.For future actions
Your plan leaves here tomorrow and
reaches London on Monday.
The US foreign secretary
reaches Pakistan next month.
What time does the plan of
New York leave on Monday?
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
9. In conditional expressions
If he loses match, he behaves
badly. (habit)
If anybody phones while youre
out, Ill take a message.
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
10. Used with after, before, when and until
when we refer to future actions.
We may go for a walk after John
comes. (= will have come)
We cant leave before father
leaves. (= will have left)
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
10. Used with after, before, when and until
when we refer to future actions.
You must be polite when
Mr. Lee comes.
Wait until Marvi comes. Then
shell help us.
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
11. When making a suggestion
Why dont you take lunch
first and then go for meeting?
Why dont you go for this option?
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
12. In exclamation of this type
Here comes Father!
There they go!
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Affirmative Sentences:
Subject + V
o
/V
s
+ Object/Complement/Adjunct.
e.g.
He/She/It/Faiza runs fast.
I/They/You/We/People speak the truth.
He
She
It
Singular Noun
I
We
You
They
Plural Noun
V
s
V
o
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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Negative Sentences:
Subject + do/does not+ V
o
+ Object/Complement/Adjunct.
e.g.
He/She/It/Faiza does not run fast.
I/They/You/We/People do not speak the truth.
I
We
You
They
Plural Noun
He
She
It
Singular Noun
does

do

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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Interrogative Sentences (Yes/No Questions):
Do/Does + subject + V
o
+ Object/Complement/Adjunct?
e.g.
Does he/she/it/Faiza run fast?
Do I/they/you/we/people speak the truth?
I
We
You
They
Plural Noun
He
She
It
Singular Noun
Does

Do

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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Interrogative Sentences (Information Questions):
+ do/does + subject + V
o
+ O/C/A?
Why
Where
How
Whom
When
e.g. Why does he/she/it/Faiza run?
How do I/they/you/we/people improve vocabulary?
Exception: Who supports you financially?
Who instigates the public?
He/She/It/Singular Noun
I/We/You/They/Plural Noun
does

do

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Present Indefinite/Simple Present
Emphatic Sentences:
Subject + do/does + V
o
+ Object/Complement/Adjunct.
e.g.
He/She/It/Faiza does run fast.
I/They/You/We/People do speak the truth.
I
We
You
They
Plural Noun
He
She
It
Singular Noun
does

do

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Exercise
Choose the correct form of the verb:
1. I for not setting the account sooner. (apologise/apologises)
2. We to our previous letter sent on 10 October.
(refer/refers)
3. She forward to receiving your advice. (look/looks)
4. The customer a bank to transfer money to suppliers
account. (order/orders)
5. Our bank us that they have the shipping
documents. (inform/informs)
6. They to evade the questions. (try/tries)
7. He for the every post advertised in a newspaper.
(apply/applies)
8. Cheques three working days to clear through the
commercial banks. (take/takes)
9. You always in raising the funds for the needy.
(support/supports)
10. It the hidden agenda of the manager.
(indicate/indicates)

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Exercise
Write the correct verb forms for each of the following sentences:

1. Forensics _________________ (is/are) the study of debate.
2. Each of the employees _____________ (serve/serves) on at least one
committee.
3. Communication notes ____________ (contain/contains) articles
helpful to business people.
4. The instructor or the students _________ (is/are) responsible for the
discussion.
5. The board, rather than the officers, __________ (vote/votes) on
increasing fees.
6. The remains of the body _________________ (is/are) thrown into the
sea.
7. Three hours _____________ (is/are) long enough to look round the
museum.
8. E-mail is a relatively new _________________ (mean/means) of
communication.
9. Their house really _________________ (need/needs) painting.
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Use your time Judiciously.