PERSONALITY

MEMBERS:
1. Mian Nabeel Sarmad
2. Tayyabah Naeem
3. Bilal Tahir
4. Atif Iqbal
5. Qaisar Ather Khan
6. Aitzaz Ahsan
7. Mohammad Zubair
8. Khawaja Naveed Haider

University Of Management and Technology [www.umt.edu.pk]

 Formal Definition of Personalit
y
is the supreme
realization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a
living being. It is an act of high courage
flung in the face of life, the absolute
affirmation of all that constitutes the
individual, the most successful
adaptation to the universal condition of
existence coupled with the greatest
possible freedom for self-determination.”
What is personality ?
 Derived from Greek word

 It means MASK
 Characteristics
 Patterns of thoughts
 Feelings
 Behaviors
 It makes person unique

Personality in Psychology
perspective
 Characteristics of Personality

 Personality is organized and consistent.

 Personality is psychological, but is influenced
by biological needs and processes.
 Personality causes behaviors to happen.
 Personality is displayed through thoughts,
feelings, behaviors and many other ways.
The Study of Personality

 Experimental methods

 Case studies and self-report methods

 Clinical research
 Theories of Personality

Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Type theories theories
theories
are thesuggest that are
of personality
early perspectives
Trait
heavily
theories
personality is
influenced a viewed
result personality
of interaction
by emphasize
thetheories
work of the
Sigmund
as the
between
Freud,of
onHumanist theories
personality. These importance
suggested
result
the
and ofand
internal
individual
freeemphasize
will and
the
individualcharacteristics
the environment.
influence of the in
experience that
the are on
unconscious
that there are
genetically a limited number of
based.
personality.
development
Behavioral Psychodynamic
of personality.
theorists studytheories
Humanist include
observable theorists
and
"personality
Sigmund
include Carl types"
Freud’s
Rogers which
psychosexual
and Abrahamare related
stage theory
Maslow. toand
measurable
biological behaviors,
influences. rejecting theories
Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
that take internal thoughts and feelings into
account.
THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

 ABRAHAM MASLOW

1. ASSUMPTIONS
ABOUT HUMAN
NATURE
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
SELF ACTUALIZERS
 What is self actualizer?
 Characteristics of self actualizers
1. Realistically oriented
2. Acceptance
3. Spontaneity
4. Problem centered
5. Autonomous
6. Relationships
7. Democratic Nature
8. Sense of Humor
9. Creativeness
Theory Of Carl Roger
 Who’s Carl Roger?
 Clinical work at the
Rochester Society

 Theory Of Carl
Roger
Theory Of Carl Roger
 Rogers believed in several key concepts
that he believed must be present in
order for healthy change to take place.

 There’re four key concepts given by Carl

Roger in his personality theory.
1. Unconditional Positive Regard
2. Non-Judgmental Attitude
3. Disclosure
4. Reflection
Theory Of Kurt Goldstein
 Who was Kurt
Goldstein?
1. German
neurologist and
psychiatrist
2. Holistic theory of
the organism
The Structure of the Organism
 Any change in one locality of the organism is accompanied
by change in other localities that effect the disturbance of
one particular organic process has on the organism as a
whole.
 Example:
1. Relation of figure and ground.

 Organism Change??
 Adding a new activity in current activity makes a new
pattern of the organism.

 Three Kinds Of Behavior:

1. Performances i.e. Voluntary, Consciously experience
activities.
2. Attitudes i.e. Feelings, Moods and other inner experiences.
3. Processes i.e. Bodily functions that can be experienced
indirectly.
SIGMUD FREUD’S VIEW OF
PERSONALITY
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO
Personality Disorders [ LIST ]

 Narcissistic Personality
Disorder
 Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
 Paranoid Personality Disorder
 Schizoid Personality Disorder
 Schizotypal Personality
Disorder
 Antisocial Personality Disorder
 Borderline Personality Disorder
 Avoidant Personality Disorder
 Dependent Personality
Disorder
 Histrionic Personality Disorder
 What are Personality Disorders?

 Enduring pattern of inner

experience and behavior
that deviates clearly from
the expectation of the
individual's culture, is
pervasive and inflexible, has
an onset in adolescence or
early adulthood, is stable
over time, and leads to
distress or impairment.
 These disorders are chronic
and pervasive, they can lead
to serious impairments in
daily life and functioning.
What Causes Personality
Disorders?
 Some experts believe that personality
disorders are caused by early experiences
that prevented the development of normal
thought and behavior patterns.

 Other researchers believe that biological or

genetic influences are the root cause of
personality disorders.
 How are Personality Disorders
Diagnosed?
 These patterns of behavior must be
chronic and pervasive, affecting many
different aspects of the individual’s life,
including social functioning, work,
school, and close relationships.

 The individual must exhibit

symptoms that affect two or more of
the following areas:
 Thoughts, Emotions, Interpersonal
Functioning, and Impulse control.

 The pattern of behaviors must be stable

across time and have an onset that can
be traced back to adolescence or early
adulthood.

 These behaviors cannot be explained by

any other mental disorders, substance
abuse, or medical condition.
 Paranoid Personality Disorder?

 People with PPD:

1. Feel constant suspicion and

distrust toward other people
2. Others are against them
3. Hostile toward others
4. React angrily to perceived
insults
 Narcissistic Personality
Disorder?
 People with NPD:

 A constant need for attention,

affirmation, and praise.
 Persistent fantasies about
attaining success and power.
 Exploiting other people for
personal gain.
 Have sense of entitlement and
expectation of special treatment.
 Lack of empathy for others.
 Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder?

People With OCPD:

Rigidbehaviors, resistance to
change, and inflexibility

Often described as dependable,

rigid, stern, and stubborn

Feelings of helplessness in
uncontrollable situations
 Schizoid Personality Disorder

People With SPD:

Detachment from other people

Little or no desire to form close
relationships with others
Rarely participates in activities for
fun or pleasure
Often described as cold,
uninterested, withdrawn, and aloof
 Schizotypal Personality Disorder

People With SPD:

“Magical thinking” including saying

they can read minds or can foretell
the future
Major difficulties in forming
relationships
Severe social anxiety that does not
diminish with time or familiarity
May talk to themselves, ignore
others, or react inappropriately
Some research suggests this
disorder is a less severe form of
schizophrenia
Antisocial Personality Disorder

 Forget about the feelings and rights

of other people
 Lie repeatedly, act impulsively
 Neglect or abuse their children
 Exploit their employees
 They may even kill other people
Borderline Personality Disorder
 Experience intense
emotional instability
 Experience minor
problems as major
crises
 Express their anger,
frustration, and
dismay through
suicidal gestures
Avoidant Personality Disorder
 Social withdrawal due
to intense
 They fear being
criticized and rejected
 They view themselves
as inferior to others.
Dependent Personality Disorder

 Difficulty making
decisions
 Seek out another
relationship when a
close relationship ends
 They feel
uncomfortable by
themselves
Histrionic Personality Disorder

 Strive to be the center

of attention
 They may also talk in
a dramatic or
theatrical style and
display exaggerated
emotional reactions