Lowi & Wilson Policy

Typologies
PUB/POS 340
11/06/07
1
Lowis Policy Typology
as updated by Ripley and Franklin
Distributive

Protective Regulatory

Competitive Regulatory

Redistributive
2
Distributive
Generally individualized decisions

Low levels of conflict
Lots of logrolling

Hard to find actual losers
Example: water projects

3
Distributive Policies
Classic Logrolling Example

Smooth Hawley Tariff Act 1930

Ideology or Logrolling?

Background for Smoot Hawley
Pastor / Callahan et al argued
ideology
Irwin and Krozner found logrolling






4
Distributive
Group A support
for more benefits
5
Distributive
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
6
Distributive
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
+
willingness to support
other groups to get what
you want
7
Distributive
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
+
willingness to support
other groups to get what
you want
Logrolling
Activity
+
8
Distributive
Benefits to
interest group A
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to support
other groups to get what
you want
Logrolling
Activity
+
+
9
Distributive
Benefits to
interest group A
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to support
other groups to get what
you want
Benefits to other
groups
Logrolling
Activity
+
+
+
10
Distributive
Benefits to
interest group A
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to support
other groups to get what
you want
Benefits to other
groups
Other group
support for
more benefits
Logrolling
Activity
+
+
+
+
11
Distributive
Benefits to
interest group A
Group A support
for more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
more benefits to
group A
+
+
+
willingness to support
other groups to get what
you want
Benefits to other
groups
Other group
support for
more benefits
Pressure on
representatives for
"other" benefits
Logrolling
Activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
12
Distributive
Can you think of other examples?

13
Protective Regulatory
Conflict between groups or coalitions of
groups

Tends to be rather more open

Visible winners and losers

Example: consumer protection law
14
Protective Regulatory
activity that
harms people
15
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
activity that
harms people
+
16
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
+
activity that
harms people
+
17
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
pressure to
regulate
+
+
activity that
harms people
+
18
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
pressure to
regulate
Regulation
on business
practices
-
+
+
+
activity that
harms people
+
19
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
pressure to
regulate
Regulation
on business
practices
-
+
+
+
+
activity that
harms people
+
harm to
business
profits
20
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
pressure to
regulate
Regulation
on business
practices
Businesses harmed
by regulation
-
+
+
+
+
activity that
harms people
+
harm to
business
profits
+
21
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
pressure to
regulate
Regulation
on business
practices
Businesses harmed
by regulation
Mobilization of
business interest
coalitions
-
+
+
+
+
+
activity that
harms people
+
harm to
business
profits
+
22
Protective Regulatory
Groups harmed by
business practices
mobilization of a
coalition for
regulation
pressure to
regulate
Regulation
on business
practices
Businesses harmed
by regulation
Mobilization of
business interest
coalitions
pressure to
deregulate the
industry
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
activity that
harms people
+
harm to
business
profits
+
23
Protective Regulatory
Can you think of any examples?
24
Competitive Regulatory

Protection of particular trades or
professions

Usually at state level

Example: Licensing

25
Competitive Regulatory
Competitive
Advantage of
Business or Group A
Market Share
occupied by Group A
+
26
Competitive Regulatory
Competitive
Advantage of
Business or Group A
Market Share
occupied by Group A
Perceived Monopoly
by group A
+
+
27
Competitive Regulatory
Competitive
Advantage of
Business or Group A
Market Share
occupied by Group A
Perceived Monopoly
by group A
Pressure to
regulate industry
-
+
+
+
28
Competitive Regulatory
Competitive
Advantage of
Business or Group A
Market Share
occupied by Group A
Perceived Monopoly
by group A
Pressure to
regulate industry
Advantages to "other"
businesses or groups
+
-
+
+
+
29
Competitive Regulatory
Competitive
Advantage of
Business or Group A
Market Share
occupied by Group A
Perceived Monopoly
by group A
Pressure to
regulate industry
Advantages to "other"
businesses or groups
Market share of
other groups
+
+
-
+
+
+
30
Competitive Regulatory
Competitive
Advantage of
Business or Group A
Market Share
occupied by Group A
Perceived Monopoly
by group A
Pressure to
regulate industry
Advantages to "other"
businesses or groups
Market share of
other groups
Perception of a
competitive market
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
31
Redistributive

Shifts in wealth, property, income, or rights

Examples: welfare, civil rights acts

Difficult to pass because it requires that
the less powerful prevail over the powerful.

32
Redistributive
problems
accumulating for
the less powerful
group
33
Redistributive
problems
accumulating for
the less powerful
group
problems reaching the
national agenda
+
34
Redistributive
problems
accumulating for
the less powerful
group
problems reaching the
national agenda
+
pressure to "do something"
to help the less powerful
group
+
35
Redistributive
problems
accumulating for
the less powerful
group
problems reaching the
national agenda
+
pressure to "do something"
to help the less powerful
group
+
Status quo power to
prevent policy change
36
Redistributive
problems
accumulating for
the less powerful
group
problems reaching the
national agenda
+
pressure to "do something"
to help the less powerful
group
+
Policy change to help
the less powerful group
+
Status quo power to
prevent policy change
-
37
Redistributive
problems
accumulating for
the less powerful
group
problems reaching the
national agenda
+
pressure to "do something"
to help the less powerful
group
+
Policy change to help
the less powerful group
+
-
Status quo power to
prevent policy change
-
38
FAA Rules to Regulate Drinking
and Flying: 14CFR Part 91.17
Steroids and Sports:
Could Rulemaking Go Too Far?
40