Mr.

McCaskill

 What is Parliament?

Parliament is the government.

In the United States, we have Senators

and Congressmen that we vote for.

Parliament is basically the same thing as
our Senators/Congress!

 During her reign, Queen Elizabeth I of

England had frequent conflicts with

Parliament.
Many of the arguments were over
money.
The struggle between Parliament and
the monarchy would have serious
consequences for England.

 Elizabeth had no child, and her nearest

relative was her cousin, James Stuart.

Already king of Scotland, James Stuart
became King James I of England in
1603.
James inherited the unsettled issues of
Elizabeths time in power.
His worst struggles were over money.

 In 1625, James I died.

Charles I, his son, took the throne.
Charles always needed money because

he was always at war.

Mainly with Spain and France

However, much like Queen Elizabeth I,

it was never a good idea to talk back to

the king!

 By 1628 Charles was forced to call Parliament.

Parliament refused to grant him any money until

he signed a document known as the Petition of

Right.
In this petition the king agreed to four major
points.

 He would not imprison subjects without

due cause.
He would not create taxes without
Parliaments consent.
He would not house soldiers in private
homes.
He would not impose martial law in
peacetime.

 The petition was an important because the

law was now higher than the king.

After agreeing to the petition and receiving
money from Parliament, the king ignored
the petition.
To get money later, he imposed all kinds of
fees and fines on the English people.
His popularity quickly decreased.

 Eventually rebellions threatened to end

the English monarchy.

To end this danger, Charles needed
money.
Money he could only get by calling
Parliament.
This gave Parliament a chance to
oppose him!

 During the Fall of 1641, Parliament passes

laws to limit royal power.

Charles tried to arrest members of
Parliament in January 1642, but many of
them escaped.
A mob of Londoners planned to kill the
king.
Charles fled London and raised an army in
the north of England, where people were
loyal to him.

 Royalist

Puritans

King Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

Monarchy

Puritans (Pure

We like to partay!!!!

Christians)
We like to pray-ayyye!

 From 1642-1649 supporters of King Charles

fought the English Civil War.

At first neither side could gain a lasting
advantage.
However, by 1644 the Puritans (the ones who
opposed King Charles) found a general named
Oliver Cromwell.
The tide quickly turned and in 1647 they held the
king prisoner.

 In 1649, Parliament brought Charles to

trial for treason.

The crime of betraying ones country
They found him GUILTY!

 The execution of King Charles I was

revolutionary.
Never before had a reigning monarch
faced a public trial and execution.
This ended monarchies in England or
so everyone thought.

 Following the death of King Charles,

Cromwell took control of England.

In England, Cromwell and the Puritans
sought to reform society.
Laws were made that stopped activities he
found sinful.

 Oliver Cromwell ruled until his death in

1658.
People were sick of the laws and rules set by
the Puritans and Cromwell.
Parliament voted to ask the older son of
Charles I to rule England.

 When Prince Charles entered London

in 1660, crowds shouted joyfully and

bells rang.
This marked the beginning of Charles
II reign.
This is known as the Restoration
because he restored the monarchy.

 During Charles IIs reign, Parliament passed an

important guarantee of freedom.

Habeas Corpus- this gave every prisoner the right
to obtain a document to specify the charges
against the them.
Because of habeas corpus, a monarch could not
put someone in jail simply for opposing the ruler.

 People loved King Charles II more than Cromwell.

He supported Parliament and brought back all the

aspects of life that people enjoyed (sports, theatre,

partying, etc.)
The restoration of the monarchy was a huge
success under King Charles II.

 After Charles II and James II (the king who followed

Charles II) died, William and Mary take over England.

William and Mary vowed to recognize Parliament as
their partner in government.
England had now become a constitutional monarchy.
Constitutional Monarchy- Where laws limited the king
and queens power.
Parliament could not rule without the king and the king
could not rule without Parliament.