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COMPOUNDS
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
1.
composition
kinds of atoms it contains
structure
arrangement of these atoms
Classification of matter
Pure Substances
A pure substance (usually referred to simply
Element
An element is a substance which cannot be
broken down into simpler substances by
chemical or physical methods.
Molecule
A molecule consists of two or more atoms of
Compound
A substance which consists of two or more
Mixture
Two or more substances that are mixed
heterogeneous
Mixture
(a). Homogeneous Mixture
Is a mixture in which the mixing is uniform and
therefore has a constant composition
distinguishable.
Separating Components of a
Mixture
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Fractional distillation
Crystallisation
Chromatography
Non-Metals
Silvery shine
Brittle
Basic oxides
Acidic oxide
molecule.
Molecule formulae = actual number and types
of atoms in molecule.
Molecular compound = compound that
composed of molecule that contain more
than one type of atom.
Alloys
Mixture of two or more elements.
Both can be metals.
One can be metal and another a non-metal.
Mixtures are homogenous
Alloys
A metal structure
Structure of an alloy
Solution
Is a homogenous mixture of two or more
substances.
Dissolve substances = solute
Liquid = solvent
Solution
Types of Solutions
Type of Solution
Solute
Solvent
Gas
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Examples
Air (oxygen,
nitrogen, argon
and other
gases)
Carbonated water
(carbon dioxide in
Water)
Petroleum
(mixture of
hydrocarbons)
Seawater (Sodium
chloride in water)
Metal alloys such
as brass
Dental amalgam
(mercury in silver)
Concentrated solution
When we add more solute into the solvent, it can
still dissolve.
Saturated solution
we keep on adding the solute into the solvent until