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Classication of Elaeis Guineensis

Disease-Leaf under Uncontrolled


Illumination using RBF Network
Presenter:
Nur Dalila Khirul Ashar
Universiti Teknologi MARA
28 Nov 2014
2014 IEEE International Conference on
Control System, Computing and Engineering
(ICCSCE2014)

Abstract
This paper proposes the novel technique of processing the leaf images from inconsistent illumination,
as opposed to controlled environment approach used by conventional laboratory setup nowadays. The
effect of daylight illumination creates major obstacle due to the changes of leaf appearance under
different illumination that will affect the subsequent preprocessed image specically when extracting
the features such as spots and colours using RGB colour, histogram based texture and Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrices (GLCM). The key highlighted idea of processing the image under normal daylight
involves colour manipulation technique to disclose the hidden RGB colour into its original colour,
therefore the leaf images can be processed not limited to controlled environment setup. Once the
illumination effect is alleviated, the oil palm leaf-diseased region an be automatically classied into
three different types of disease namely nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) deciencies.
The classication technique via Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) classier is examined and
validated using an input from a database of oil palm diseased-leaf (or scientically known as Elaeis
Guineensis) to conrm the high degree of classier capability to recognize the disease according to
the deciency type. The experimental result showed that various lighting conditions measured in
terms of illumination affected the formed pattern on the leaf surface due to the leaf images
dependency on the intensity of illumination presented at that time hence disturbing the image quality.
Classication of the various deciencies demonstrated the correct classication rate as high as
70.69%, showing that the inconsistent illumination could provide good accuracy in classifying the
decient-leaf.

Outline

Introduction
Motivation & Problem Statement
Literature Review
Methods
Results
Discussion/Conclusion

Introduction

An illumination variation is a considerably major difficulty in image


processing.
The daylight surroundings are not well suited to illuminate the image
since the colour depends on the intensity of the light.
Normally, the processing of image is implemented under controlled
environment i.e. constant lighting circumstance.
Objective :
1. To investigate the effect of illumination towards the oil palm
diseased-leaf surface.
2. The developed a pre-processed algorithm capable to handle varying
colour and uncontrolled lighting conditions
3. To assess the performance through RBFN classication.

Research focuses on automatic detection of common


nutrient disorders that portrays the symptoms on the leaves
surface.
The unhealthy trees suffering from the disease will normally
show several symptoms such as coloured spots or streaks
and deformities in leaf shape and size.
Each of deficient leaf contains a unique disease pattern due
to colour changes or texture.
i)
ii)
iii)

Nitrogen
: Pattern of pale green or yellow rachis on its fronds
Potassium : Sign of confluent orange spots
Magnesium : Showing the orange discoloration

Motivation and Problem


Statement

The images are captured under uncontrolled outdoor


environment regardless of its illumination.
The effect of illumination is investigated due to the problem
that occurs while extracting the spots and specic colour from
the leaf surfaces.
Eventhough the non-uniform lighting condition is preferred,
illuminated colours will denitely affect the apparent colour of
objects.
Thus the image quality ( pixels ) would be disturbed by
illumination producing discontinuous reection on the leaf
surface
As the solution, it is proposed to retain the desired diseasedsection while simultaneously eliminate the light reection.

Literature Review
Author

Research work

B.J.Boom
(2011)

Propose an illumination model via virtual illumination grid. The


experiment was conducted in the case of unknown illumination
directions and the number of light sources ==> produce 90.8%.
Besides, results showed improvement when fusing global and
local illumination correction methods.

Hong Y.Jeon
(2011)

Developing algorithm to detect weed and crop plants under


uncontrolled environment using the image processing
algorithm consisting of normalization, statistical threshold value
estimation, adaptive segmentation, median lter, morphological
feature and Articial Neural Network ==> results of 95.1%
accuracy.

D.L Hernandez Segmenting tomato plants in uncontrolled environment using


Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network, in which to create
(2012)
different color groups from a set of tomato images containing
vegetation. Author compared the outcome via color index (CIVE)
method.

Methods

Results

Discussion

A luxmeter is used to record and analyze the measured


luminance intensity.
The study only focused on the area of Sabak Bernam
plantation, Malaysia with latitude of 3.731697 and
longitude of 100.938371.
Evaluation in illumination effect is tested under outdoor
setting at different time frames for a week.
From the linear graph, the recorded non-homogenous
light intensity reading demonstrates varies at different
time frames collected for a week.

Depending on weather conditions,


the intensity readings varies to
become large at the presence of
bright environment and small for
dim weather conditions
illuminations were not constant.
The highest recorded intensity
occurred on the afternoon by 1400
to 1530 hours -->main disease
pattern could be retained
The lowest intensity presented at
morning, 0700 to 0730 with the
average of 400(lm/m2).
-->loss of important pattern.
From 0745 up to 1900, the intensity
readings started to increase to the
higher value of greater than
400(lm/m2).
--->good pattern has been
produced

In order to measure the capability of recognising the diseased


area, classication algorithm has been developed (referTable 1)

Conclusion / Future Work

As an alternative to manual inspection of the deciencies


recognition, the idea of automatic deciencies detection is
deemed feasible.
The difculty due to inconsistent illumination causes the
pattern on the images were affected.
The constraint is limited in terms of amount of luminance
and the constant predetermined distance during capturing
process.
The illumination should achieve a minimum of 400(lm/m2)
to enable the classication process by ensuring luminance
criterion is fullled.

RBFN showed that the deciencies can be detected


as high as 70%, which is considered as good for the
case of uncontrolled illumination.
Future work : investigate the classier other than
RBFN. Besides it is recommended to conduct more
research on selecting the appropriate features
extraction.

Thank you for listening..


Q&A Session

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