Nutrition

Nutrition
the sum of all the interactions
between an organism and the food it
consumes
process by which the body
metabolizes and utilizes the nutrients
from food.
what a person eats and how the body
uses it.

Nutrients
Organic and inorganic substances found
in foods and are required for body
functioning
Nutrients are digested by the GI system
and then absorbed by the blood or
lymphatic system, and transported to the
bodys cells.

Physiology of Nutrition
DIGESTION
process by which ingested foods are
broken down in the GI tract to smaller
segments in preparation for absorption

end products are monosaccharides

(simple sugars), amino acids, glycerol,
fatty acid chains, vitamins, minerals,
and water.

Physiology of Nutrition
ABSORPTION
is the process by which the end products of
digestion pass through the epithelial
membranes in the small and large intestines
into the blood or lymph systems.

Physiology of Nutrition
METABOLISM
the aggregate of all chemical reactions and
processes in every body cell, such as growth,
generation of energy, elimination of wastes, and
other bodily functions as they relate to the
distribution of nutrients in the blood after
digestion.

Metabolic Rate = the rate of heat liberation

during chemical reactions.

Energy
A calorie(c,cal,kcal) is the unit of
measurement used to express the quantity
of energy released during metabolism.
Energy is expressed in terms of kilocalories.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the
energy needed to maintain essential
physiological functions.

Metabolism
EXCRETION
Digestive and metabolic waste products are
excreted through the intestines and rectum.
Other excretory organs are the kidneys,
sweat glands, skin, and lungs.

Essential Nutrients

Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Essential Nutrients
Water
bodys most basic nutrient
60% - 70% of an adults total body weight
and 77% of an infants weight.
Water and electrolytes are substances that
must be acquired from the diet.
Body water requirements are met through
consumption of liquids and foods and the
oxidation of food.

Nutrients that provide fuel to

body cells
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

Micronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals

Macro Nutrients
Carbohydrates(CHO)
Organic compounds composed of
carbon(C), hydrogen(H), and oxygen(O)
Primary source of energy for the brain and
the preferred fuel for the body
Two Basic Types:
1. Simple sugars
2. Complex Carbohydrates(starches,fibers)

1.Simple sugars
Simplest of all carbohydrates
Water soluble
Produced naturally by plants and animals
1. Monosaccharides (simple sugars/single
molecules)

glucose, galactose, and fructose.

2. Disaccharides (double sugars/ double

molecules)

sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

Food Sources of Simple Sugars

Fruits
Sugarcane
Table sugar
Sugar beets
Lactose(from milk)

2. Complex Carbohydrates
a. Starches insoluble, nonsweet forms of
carbohydrates) (polysaccharides)
-

Grains
Legumes
Potatoes
Cereals
Breads

b. Fibers - Supplies roughage or bulk in the

diet
- Outer layer of grains
- Skin, seeds and pulp of many fruits and
vegetables

CARBOHYDRATES

major Source of Body Energy

GO FOODS
CHON Glucose
Bloodstream Stored Glycogen Fats

Proteins(CHON)
Organic compounds that contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
combine to form proteins.
Essential for almost every bodily function.

The end products of protein digestion are

amino acids which categorized to:
1. Nonessential amino acids:

can be synthesized in the body.

those that can be produced by the body

2. Essential amino acids

must be ingested in the diet because they

cannot be synthesized in the body.

Those that cannot be produced by the body

Complete Proteins
Contains all essential amino acids plus
many non essential amino acids
Derived from animals
Meats, poultry, fish, dairy products, and
eggs