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Electrical Machines

EVOCATION

DC Machine - Simtel Basic Electrical and

Electronics.flv

Objectives

Electrical Machines
DC Generator
Construction
Principle of operation
Applications

Electrical Machines

Electromagnetic and Electro dynamic equipment that

converts electrical energy in to mechanical energy and
vice versa.

Types
Ac machines
Dc Machines

Overview of Direct Current

Machines

Direct-current (DC) machines are divided into dc

generators and dc motors.

DC generator Converts mechanical to electrical energy

Dc motor Converts electrical to mechanical energy

All these machines operations are

based on Faradays law of
Electromagnetic Induction and
Interaction

Construction

Construction of DC Generator

Consist of stator and rotor

Stator Stationary part
Rotor Rotating part
Stator accomodates
i) Yoke
ii) Main Field system
iii) Brushes
Rotor has
iv) Armature
v) Commutator

Construction

Yoke or Frame

Outer most solid metal part

Forms part of magnetic circuit
Protects the inner parts from
Damage

Field System

- Consist of field poles and field wdg

- Pole faces are in the form of Horse shoe for uniform flux
distribution
- Field wdgs of each pole are connected in series

If Dc is passsed thro the wdg the poles get magnetised

Armature

Armature core Armature slots armature conductors

It provides path of very low reluctance for the magnetic flux
through the armature from N-pole to S-pole.
Laminated core to reduce the eddy current loss

Commutator

Collects the current from the armature

Converts the alternating current induced in the armature into
unidirectional (direct) current
No.of segments insulated from each other by mica

Brushes and Bearings

Brushes is to collect the current from commutator and

give it to load
Made up of Carbon
Brushes are housed in brush holders
Ball bearings are generally used

Dc Generator- Principle of Operation

Whenever a conductor is moved

within a magnetic field in such a
way that the conductor cuts
across magnetic lines of flux,
voltage is generated in the
conductor.

Basic requirements
Steady magnetic field
Conductor
Conductor to move in the
magnetic field

Principle of Operation

The coil is rotated by

means of prime
mover
As per Faradays law
emf is induced
But it is basically
alternating
Thus bidirectional emf
is made unidirectional
by using Commutator

puzzles
8=56
7=42
6=30
5=20
4=?

puzzles

There are three boxes. One is labeled

"APPLES" another is labeled "ORANGES".
The last one is labeled "APPLES AND
ORANGES". You know that each is labeled
incorrectly. You may ask to pick one fruit from
one box which you choose.
How can you label the boxes correctly?

Solution:
Pick from the one labeled "Apples &
Oranges". This box must contain either only
apples or only oranges.
E.g. if you find an Orange, label the box
Orange, then change the Oranges box to
Apples, and the Apples box to "Apples &
Oranges."

Green
Yellow
Pink
Red
Blue

Green
Yellow
Pink
Red
Blue

READING

diScussion

DRAW MINDMAP

SUMMARY

Mind Map
Principle of
Operation

Construction

Faradays
Law

When a conductor cuts

the magnetic field an
emf is induced in that
conductor. That emf is
directly proportional to
rate of change of flux
linkage.

Armature core
Armature windings
or conductors

Applications

Battery
Charging
Welding,
Lighting
Booster

Pole cores and pole

shoes
Pole coils (or)field Coils

Magnetic frame (or)

Yoke
Commutator
Brushes and Bearings

24

Summary

DC Generator Converts mechanical energy into

electrical energy.
Construction
Magnetic frame (or) Yoke
Pole cores and pole shoes
Pole coils (or) field coils
Armature
Commutator
Brushes and Bearings
Principle of operation Faradays law and Flemings right
hand rule.
Applications Electroplating, Battery charging, Welding,
Lighting, Booster

presentation