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UNCLASSIFIED
References
Terminal Objectives
Given an evolution DESCRIBE the components and
functions of the anchor and anchor windlass IAW
NSTM Chapter 581, Anchoring
Given an anchoring evolution DISCUSS the proper
procedures for anchoring and weighing anchor IAW
NSTM Chapter 581, Anchoring
Given a mooring situation EXPLAIN the procedures
and precautions for buoy mooring IAW NSTM Chapter
582, Mooring and Towing
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Enabling Objectives
DESCRIBE the different types of anchors used by US naval
vessels.
DESCRIBE the anchor and anchor chain components.
DESCRIBE the anchor windlass system components to include:
capstan, wildcat, mechanical brake, electrical brake, and control
box.
DISCUSS safety precautions during anchoring evolutions.
DISCUSS the procedures and reports made for making the anchor
ready for letting go and for properly setting the anchor once
dropped.
DISCUSS the environmental and geographical considerations
taken into account in determining the scope of anchor chain to
employ.
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Enabling Objectives
STATE the chain-to-water depth rule-of-thumb ratio.
STATE frequency and information contained in an anchor report.
DISCUSS the Mediterranean moor with respect to procedures,
advantages and disadvantages.
DEFINE buoy mooring terms.
DESCRIBE the trolley method and ordinary (dip rope) method of
mooring to a buoy.
COMPARE mooring to a buoy to anchoring.
DISCUSS the buoy party duties and safety precautions that apply to
the evolution.
Introduction
Anchor Components
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Ring
Shank
Fluke
Crown
Shoulder
Types of Anchors
Standard Navy Stockless
Danforth
Commercial Stockless
Navy-Type Stock
Mushroom Cap
Design Specifications
Navy anchors and anchor equipment are designed to hold fast
based on the following conditions:
Anchor Chain
A detachable link after every shot of
chain
The adjacent links are white,
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Anchor Gear
Hawsepipe
Riding
Stopper
Housing
Stopper
Chain Locker
Capstan
Wildcat
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Brake
Anchor Windlass
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Anchoring Precautions
Wear appropriate clothing, safety goggles, gloves, safety
helmet, and life preserver.
Control the chain speed by applying and releasing the hand
brake or lowering the anchor under power.
Never step over, on, or straddle the anchor chain.
Prior to starting anchoring operations, ensure area is clear of
non-operational personnel.
Do not anchor in depths greater than 100 fathoms.
Use the ship's ground tackle to reduce the ship's headway only
in extreme emergencies.
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Preparing to Anchor
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Holding Factor
For ocean bottoms that are not firm sand, determine the scope
of chain based on the holding factor of the bottom.
Divide the scope of chain (based on water depth) by the
holding factor to determine the total scope of chain.
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Type of Bottom
Holding Factor
1.50
Firm sand
1.00
.66
Soft mud
.33
.33
Gravel
.33
Hard rock/shale/boulders
Command: Standby
Action:
Brake is released
2 Seamen stand by Riding Stopper ready to trip the pelican hook
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Execution as CONN
1,000 yds from the anchorage point
slow to 5 kts
500 200 yds stop engines
100 yds all back 1/3
Speeds and distances will differ
from ship to ship
Slight sternway at the time of
letting go the anchor prevents the
anchor chain from falling on itself.
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Anchor Watch
The Forecastle Watch:
Report any anomalies to the Officer of the Deck, such as a
vibrating anchor chain.
Report every 30 minutes on the anchor's status
Anchor tends 3 oclock, light strain
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Mediterranean Moor
Mooring technique using anchors and mooring lines.
Used when space is limited for mooring parallel to pier.
Difficult and time consuming.
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Mediterranean Moor
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Moor to a Buoy
Mooring buoys are large, round, flat-topped floating
platforms kept in place via multiple anchors.
They are used extensively in congested ports and harbors.
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Trolley Method
1) Chain is hung over the side with
an easing-out line to keep chain out
of the water
2) Buoy Party receives buoy wire and
attaches it to the buoy
3) Buoy wire is made taught and the
chain slides down via trolleys
4) Buoy party secures chain to buoy
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Advantages/Disadvantages to MTB
Advantages:
Reduces swing circle radius (important in
congested harbors)
Provides more strength than a single anchor
due to multiple anchors securing the buoy
Disadvantages:
Requires small boat
Introduces safety considerations for the buoy
party
Requires more preparation time
Requires precision shiphandling
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Questions?
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