AC Motors & Drives

ABB AUTOMATION UNIVERSITY

ABB
AC Machines
Common Info 1 (29)
AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

AC Motors & Drives

Simple single
phase AC
motor
~V

~V

Direction ?
N

Common Info 2 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

AC Motors & Drives

A -C 1

B1

C1

3 Phase 2 pole
AC motor stator
connection

C -B 1

A1
B -A 1
C1

A -C 1

A1

C -B 1
B -A 1

Common Info 3 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

B1

AC Motors & Drives

A rotating magnetic field in a 2 pole 3 phase motor stator

NORTH
SOUTH

Common Info 4 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

AC Motors & Drives

Different types of rotor designs

DC excited salient pole rotor for synchronous ac motor

NORTH

SOUTH

Common Info 5 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

+VDC

-VDC

AC Motors & Drives

Different types of rotor designs

AC excited salient pole rotor for synchronous ac motor

NORTH

SOUTH

Common Info 6 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

~VAC

~VAC

AC Motors & Drives

Different types of rotor designs

AC excited slipringless rotor for synchronous ac motor

NORTH

SOUTH

Common Info 7 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

~VAC
~VAC

AC Motors & Drives

Different types of rotor designs

CAGE INDUCTION ROTOR

Common Info 8 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

AC Motors & Drives

A Cage Induction motor rotor bar at 0 rpm & flux rotation at 3000 rpm
Stator magnetic lines
cutting rotor bars
fiercely, generating
high current in rotor producing very strong
rotor flux.
Slip angle = MAX
Torque = Very high

FLUX in the motor so high that saturation takes place

Common Info 9 (29)
AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

AC Motors & Drives

A Cage Induction motor rotor bar at 2850 rpm & flux rotation at 3000 rpm
Motor loaded 100%

Stator magnetic lines still

cutting rotor bars,
generating current in rotor
-producing strong rotor
flux.
Slip angle = Small
Torque = Nominal

Common Info 10 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

AC Motors & Drives

A Cage Induction motor rotor bar at 3000 rpm & flux rotation at 3000 rpm
The load is driving the
rotor at synchronous
speed
Stator magnetic lines
not cutting rotor bars,
no current is being
generated in the rotor
Thus no rotor flux.
Slip angle = Zero
Torque

Common Info 11 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

= Zero

AC Motors & Drives

Field weakening point of a AC Motor
Torque
Stator Voltage
Current

Constant Torque Range

F ield Weakening
P oint
Constant P ower Range
Speed
Current

DriveCurrent limit

Stator Voltage
Drive Torque limit

Torque

Common Info 12 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

Nominal
Motor Speed
eg. 1480rpm

Maximum
Motor Speed
eg. 2500 rpm

Speed

AC Motors & Drives

In this Rolling application two
conditions exist

As the empty stand fills up

it slows down and more
torque is required to turn
the load
As the full stand empties
its diameter decreases
and it speeds up at the
same time its torque
requirements decreases.

Common Info 13 (29)

AC&DC Motors.PPT, 03 .2001
G.Wilsenach

1.

the empty stand motor

needs high speed with low
torque

2.

The Full stand motor

needs high Torque at low
speed