Internal

OWA200002
WCDMA RAN Basic
Principle
ISSUE1.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 CDMA Fundamental

Chapter 2 Performance Enhancement Methods
Chapter 3 WCDMA FDD Mode

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 2

Chapter 1 CDMA Fundamental

1.1 Multiple Access Technology and Duplex Technology
1.2 CDMA Principle and RAKE Technology

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 3

Multiple Access Technology and Duplex Technology

Multiple access technology

Time division multiple access (TDMA)

Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
Code division multiple access (CDMA)
Duplex technology

Time division duplex (TDD)

Frequency division duplex (FDD)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 4

Multiple Access Technology

CDMA
Power
n
ue
q
e
Fr

Tim
e

cy

Traffic channels: different

users are assigned unique
code and transmitted over
the same frequency band,
for example, WCDMA and
CDMA2000

TDMA
Power

FDMA

Power
TUim
se

er

Tim
e

e
qu
e
r
F

Us
e
U
Us ser r
Us e r
Us e r
er
cy
en
eq
Fr

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

nc

Traffic channels: different time slots

are allocated to different users, for
example, DAMPS and GSM

Traffic channels: different frequency bands

are allocated to different users,for example,
AMPS and TACS
All rights reserved

Page 5

Characteristics of CDMA System

High Spectral Efficiency

Frequency multiplex coefficient is 1.

soft capacity

Quality
Coverage
Interference
Self-interference system

A UE transmission power is interference for another UE.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 6

Chapter 1 CDMA Fundamental

1.1 Multiple Access Technology and Duplex Technology
1.2 CDMA Principle and RAKE Technology

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 7

correlation
Correlation is a measure of similarity of between any two arbitrary signals.
EXAMPLE:
+1
0
-1
+1
0
-1

-1 1 -1 1
-1 1 -1 1
1 1 1 1
1 correlation
Identical signals

+1
0
-1

-1 1 -1 1
11 11
-1 1 -1 1
Zero correlation
Orthogonal signals

+1
0
-1

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 8

Spreading and Despreading

Symbol

Data

-1
Chip

Spreading
1

Spreading code

-1
1

Spreading signal
=Datacode

-1

Despreading
1

Spreading code

-1
1

Data
=Spreadingcode

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

-1

All rights reserved

Page 9

Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Despreading

P(f)

Spreading code
P(f)

f
Narrowband signal

P(f)

Broadband signal

Noise

Recovered signal

Signal
Combination

P(f)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Noise+Broadband signal
P(f)
f

Spreading code

All rights reserved

Page 10

Processing Procedure of CDMA System

Source
coding

Channel
coding

Spreading

Modulation

Radio channel

Source
decoding

Channel
decoding

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Despreading

All rights reserved

Page 11

Demodulation

Multi-path Environment
Transmitted
signal

Received
signal
Time
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 12

Principle of RAKE Receiver

Correlator 1
Correlator 2

Combiner

Receive set

The
combined
signal

Correlator 3
Calculate the
time delay and
signal strength

Searcher
correlator
s(t)

s(t)

RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance the receive
performance of the system
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 13

Structure of RAKE Receiver

Input signal

I
Correlator

Code
generators

Phase
Rotator

Delay
Equalizer

Channel
estimator
Path 1
Path 2
Path 3

Matched
Filter

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 14

Combiner

Advantages of CDMA
RAKE receiver is adopted

The time diversity effect generated by channel

coherence time is efficiently used.
frequency diversity

Wideband frequency spectrum

Higher interference tolerance and security performance

Low signal transmission power

Great flexibility in carrying multiple services with largely

different bit rate and QoS requirement.

Different spreading factors for different services with
different data rates

High spectral efficiency

All users can share the same frequency spectrum

simultaneously.
Supporting soft handover and softer handover.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 15

Chapter 1 CDMA Fundamental

Chapter 2 Performance Enhancement Methods
Chapter 3 WCDMA FDD Mode

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 16

HSDPA Key Techniques - Overview

AMC

SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HARQ Hybrid ARQ

16QAM

All rights reserved

Fast Scheduling

3 New Physical Channels

Page 17

HSDPA Key Techniques - AMC

AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel Quality Feedback

High data rate

Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions

Good channel condition Higher rate
Bad channel condition Lower rate

Low data rate

Adjust the coding rate to compensate channel conditions

Good channel condition 3/4
Bad channel condition 1/3

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions

Good channel condition 16QAM
Bad channel condition QPSK

Channel Quality Feedback (CQI)

UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports (every 2ms or more cycle) to Node-B

Node-B choose modulation and block size, data rate primarily based on CQI

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 18

HSDPA Key Techniques - HARQ

Conventional ARQ
Received Transmitted blocks are decoded
Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks
If errors
discard the error bolcks
Request the trasmitter for
retransmission

Hybrid ARQ
Received Transmitted blocks are decoded
Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks
If errors
Store the erroneous block without discarding
Request the trasmitter for retransmission
Combine the received re-trasmission with
previously received trasnmisison

HARQ with Soft Combining

Packet 1
Packet 1

Packet2

NodeB
Transmitter

UE

Packet1?

Receiver

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Packet 1
+
Packet1?

All rights reserved

Page 19

HSDPA Key Techniques - Fast scheduling

Scheduling
determines
which user
shall be
transmitted.

Scheduler may be based on

CDM, TDM

Channel condition

Amount of data waiting in the queue (delay)

Fairness (satisfied users)

Cell throughput, etc

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 20

HSDPA Key Techniques CDM and TDM

SF=1
SF=2

Channelization codes allocated

for HS-DSCH transmission
8 codes (example)

SF=4
SF=8
SF=16

Rel 5 (HS-DSCH)
2 ms

sub-frames (2560 chips)

Earlier releases
10 ms
20 ms
40 ms
80 ms

TTI

Shared
channelization
codes
User #1

User #2

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

User #3

User #4

All rights reserved

Page 21

Introduction to Diversity Technique

Diversity technique is used to obtain

uncorrelated signals for combining

Reduce the effects of fading

fast fading caused by multi-path

Slow fading caused by shadowing
Improve the reliability of communication
Increase the coverage and capacity
Macroscopic diversity

Soft handover and softer handover

Reduce large-scale fading
Microscopic diversity
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 22

Microscopic Diversity
Time diversity

Channel coding, Block interleaving, errorcorrection

Frequency diversity

The user signal is distributed on the

whole bandwidth frequency spectrum
Space diversity

Receive diversity
Transmit diversity
Polarization diversity

Vertical polarization
Horizontal polarization
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 23

Chapter 1 CDMA Fundamental

Chapter 2 Performance Enhancement Methods
Chapter 3 WCDMA FDD Mode

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 24

Characteristics of WCDMA FDD

Channel bandwidth: 5MHz
Chip rate: 3.84Mcps
Frame length: 10ms
Voice coding: AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate)
Coherence demodulation aided with pilot
Fast closed loop power control: 1500Hz
Handover: soft/hard handover

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Page 25

Thank You
www.huawei.com