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WCDMA Power

Control Overview
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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. open loop Power Control
3. closed loop Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

Purpose of uplink power


control

Uplink transmission character

Self-interference

Capacity is limited by interference

Near-far effect

Fading

Uplink power control

Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity

Solve the near-far effect

Save UE transmission power

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Purpose of downlink power


control

Downlink transmission character

Interference among different subscribers since the


orthogonality is influenced by transmission environment

Interference from other adjacent cells

Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power

Fading

Downlink power control

Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity

Save NodeB transmission power

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4

The Relationship between Tx Power


and Rx Power
20

Channel
Transmitted power

15

Relative power (dB)

Received power
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20

200

400

600

Time (ms)
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page5

800

Power Control Classification

Power control classification

open loop power control


closed loop power control

Uplink inner-loop power control


Downlink inner-loop power control
Uplink outer-loop power control
Downlink outer-loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page6

Power control methods adopted


for various physical channels

Power control methods adopted for various physical


channels

Y" can be applied, "" not applied

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page7

Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. open loop Power Control
3. closed loop Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page8

Contents
2. open loop Power Control
2.1 open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page9

Open loop Power Control


Overview

Purpose

UE estimates the power loss of signals on the


propagation path by measuring the downlink channel
signals, then calculates the transmission power of the
uplink channel

principle

Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss


of the downlink channel

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page10

Open loop Power Control


Overview

Disadvantage

This power control method is rather rough

Application scenarios

In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually


more serious than that caused by propagation loss
open loop power control is applied only at the
beginning of connection setup, generally in setting the
initial power value

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page11

Contents
2. open loop Power Control
2.1 open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page12

Open loop Power Control of


PRACH
One access slot
Acq.
Ind.

AICH access
slots RX at UE

PRACH access
slots TX at UE

Preamble

p-a

Preamble

p-p

Message part

p-m

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

Open loop Power Control of


PRACH

The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop


power control

Preamble_Initial_Power
= PCPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL interference
+ Constant Value

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page14

Open loop power control of PRACH


Pp-m
Power Ramp Step

Preable_Initial_
power
10ms/20ms

NO.
1

Parameter
Power Offset Pp-m

Constant Value

PRACH Power Ramp Step

Preamble Retrans Max

Parameter meaning
The power offset of the last access preamble and message control
part. This value plus the access preamble power is the power of the
control part
This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate
the initial transmission power of PRACH according to the open loop
power
This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE
has not received the capture indication from NodeB
This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of
the UE within a preamble ramp cycle

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page15

Open loop power control of


PRACH

Application scenarios

Node B
Serving RNS

UE

Serving
RNC

1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

RRC

RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

open loop power


control of PRACH

NBAP

2. Radio Link Setup Request


NBAP

Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP

NBAP

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup


DCH - FP
DCH - FP

5. Downlink Synchronization
6. Uplink Synchronization

DCH - FP
DCH - FP

Start TX
description
RRC

7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up

RRC

8. Radio Link Restore Indication


NBAP

NBAP
RRC

9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RRC

Page16

Contents
2. open loop Power Control
2.1 open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page17

Open loop power control of DL DPCCH

The DL DPCCH open loop power control can be


calculated by the following formula:
P=(Ec/Io)Req-CPICH_Ec/Io + CPICH_Power

Parameters explanation

(Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should ensure


that UE can receive
the message from the dedicated channel correctly
CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is sent to
UTRAN by RACH
CPICH_Power is the transmission power of CPICH

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page18

Open loop power control of DL


DPCCH

Application scenarios

Node B
Serving RNS

UE

Serving
RNC

1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

RRC

RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

NBAP

2. Radio Link Setup Request

NBAP

Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP

NBAP

open loop power


control of DPCCH

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup


DCH - FP
DCH - FP

5. Downlink Synchronization
6. Uplink Synchronization

DCH - FP
DCH - FP

Start TX
description
RRC

7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up

RRC

8. Radio Link Restore Indication


NBAP
RRC

9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

NBAP

RRC

Page19

Open loop power control of UL


DPCCH

The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be


calculated by the following formula:
DPCCH_Initial_Power
= DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

open loop power control of UL DPCCH


Application scenarios
Node B
Serving RNS

UE

Serving
RNC

1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

RRC

RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

NBAP

2. Radio Link Setup Request

NBAP

Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP

NBAP

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

open loop power


control of DPCCH

DCH - FP
DCH - FP

5. Downlink Synchronization
6. Uplink Synchronization

DCH - FP
DCH - FP

Start TX
description
RRC

7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up


NBAP

RRC

RRC

8. Radio Link Restore Indication

9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

NBAP

RRC

Page21

Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. open loop Power Control
3. closed loop Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page22

Contents
3. closed loop Power Control
3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

Closed loop power control


overview

The characteristics of open loop power control

The results from open loop power control are not


accurate enough
open loop power control can only decide the initial
power

The advantages of closed loop power control

Guarantee the QoS

Decrease the interference

Increase the system capacity

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page24

Closed loop power control


overview
Outer loop

Inner loop

BLERmea>BLERtarSIRtar
BLERtar

BLERmea<BLERtarSIRtar
Until
BLERmea=BLERtar

Ensure the
QoS with
minimum
power

SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRtar

SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
Until
SIRmea=SIRtar

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

TPC
TPC=0
TPC=1

Page25

Power
Power

Contents
3. closed loop Power Control
3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

Uplink-inner loop power


control

NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target


SIR
TPC Decision
(0 1)

Compare SIRmeas with SIRtar


SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
1500Hz
1500Hz

PCA1
PCA2

TPC_CMD
-1, 0, 1

Inner-loop
set SIRtar

NodeB

Transmit TPC

UE
Each
Each UE
UE has
has
its
its own
own loop
loop

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adjust DPCCH Tx
DPCCH=tpcTPC_cmd

Adjust DPDCH Tx
(c,d)

Page27

Uplink inner-loop PCA1 without soft handover

UE gets one TPC in each time slot

If TPC=0, TPC_cmd= -1

If TPC=1, TPC_cmd= 1

TPC

TPC_CMD

0 1 1 0 1

-1 1

1 0 1

1 0

1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1

This control is done in each time slot


Power control frequency is 1500HZ

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

Uplink inner-loop PCA1 with soft


handover
CELL1

Each time slot, combine TPC from


different RLS then get Wi

CELL2

RL11

RL12
RLS1

Get TPC_cmd based on


TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)

RLS2

RLS3

CELL4

CELL3

RLS1-TPC (W1)
RLS2-TPC (W2)
RLS3-TPC (W3)
TPC_CMD

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page29

Uplink inner-loop PCA1 with soft


handover
CELL1

Each time slot, combine TPC from


different RLS then get Wi

CELL2

RL11

RL12
RLS1

Get TPC_cmd based on


TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)

RLS2

RLS3

CELL4

CELL3

RLS1-TPC (W1)
RLS2-TPC (W2)
RLS3-TPC (W3)
TPC_CMD

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page30

Uplink inner-loop PCA2 Without soft handover

10ms/frame
Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

TPC

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

TS

10

11

12

13

14

-1

-1

TPC_CMD
Transmission power will be controlled in each 5 time slots
The frequency is 300HZ

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31

Uplink inner-loop PCA2 With soft


handover
Combine TPC from same
RLS in each time slot

Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLS

If 5 TPC are all 1, TPC_tempi=1

If 5 TPC are all 0, TPC_tempi=-1

Otherwise, TPC_tempi =0

CELL1
RL11

RLS2

TPC_CMD=1

RL12
RLS1

Calculate TPC_cmd

1 N
TPC _ tempi 0.5
N i 1
1 N
TPC _ tempi 0.5
N i 1

CELL2

CELL3

TPC_CMD=-1

Otherwise TPC_CMD=0

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page32

RLS3

CELL4

Uplink inner-loop PCA2 with soft


handover
10ms/frame
Group 1

TPC
TS

TS1

TS2

Group 2

TS3

TS4

TS5

TS6

TS7

Group 3

TS8

TS9

RLS
1
RLS
RLS
3

RLS
1
RLS

TS1

TS1

TS1

1
TS

1
TS1

1
TS2

1
TS3

1
TS4

1
TS5

1
TS6

1
TS7

0
TS8

1
TS9

1
TS1

1
TS1

1
TS1

1
TS1

1
TS1

-1

-1

TS
0

TS1
0

TS2
0

TS3
0

TS4
1

TS5
0

TS6
0

TS7
0

TS8
0

TS9
0

TS1
0

TS1
0

TS1
0

TS1
0

TS1
1

2
TPC_CMD
RLS

TS1

TPC_tempi
2

TS1

-1

Power is controlled in each 5 time slots


The power control frequency is 300HZ
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page33

Comparison between PCA1 and


PCA2

The control frequency

TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz


TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page34

Contents
3. closed loop Power Control
3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page35

Downlink closed loop power


control
Measure and compare BLER

L3

1500Hz

10-100Hz
Outer loop

set SIRtar

Transmit TPC
Inner loop

NodeB

L1

Measure and compare SIR

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page36

Downlink Inner loop power


control
L3

1500Hz

Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC in each TS

Adjust Tx power

NodeB

with 0.5, 1, 1 or 2dB

Measure SIR and compare


it with SIRtar

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page37

Downlink inner loop power


control
How to generate TPC

When UE is not in soft handover

The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain of


UL channel

When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can


be used, which is decided by DPC_mode:

DPC_MODE 0 UE will transmit TPC in every slot


DPC_MODE 1 UE will transmit the same TPC in every three
time slot

When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE


will transmit TPC 1 because UE can not measure the
downlink SIR

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page38

Downlink inner-loop power


control
How to adjust power

Downlink power adjustment:

Pk Pk 1 P TPC k P bal k
Where
P(k-1) is power of previous
PTPC(k) is the adjustment
Pbal(k) is correction value

The transmission power can not higher than


Maximum_DL_Power, and not less than
Minimum_DL_Power neither.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page39

Downlink inner-loop power


control
How to adjust power

PTPC(k)

Without Limited Power Raise Used

TPC
PTPC (k )
TPC

if TPC est (k ) 1
if TPC est (k ) 0

Where
PTPC(k) is the adjustment value
TPCest(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1,
1.5 or 2dB)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page40

Downlink inner-loop power


control

PTPC(k)

With Limited Power Raise Used

TPC

PTPC (k )
0

TPC

if TPC est (k ) 1 and sum ( k ) TPC Power_Rais e_Limit


if TPC est (k ) 1 and sum ( k ) TPC Power_Rais e_Limit
if TPC est ( k ) 0

Where sum ( k )

k 1

(i )

TPC
i k DL _ Power _ Averaging _ Window _ Size 1

PTPC(k) is the adjustment value


TPCest(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)
Power_Raise_Limit: the limited value for Power ramping in a
timer
DL_power_averaging_window_size timer for power
ramping
(TS)
Copyright 2006
Huawei Technologies
Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page41

Downlink inner-loop power


control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page42

Downlink Power Balance

Downlink power balance process

SRNC can monitor every single


NodeBs transmission. If SRNC
found the power offset in soft
handover is excessive, it will
initiate the DPB process

The initiation and stop of DPB

The power offset of two RLs is


greater than the DPB initial
threshold, the DPB process is
initiated

The power offset of two RLs is


less than the DPB stop threshold,
the DPB process is stopped

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page43

Contents
3. closed loop Power Control
3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page44

Outer loop power control

The character of outer loop power control

The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR

The relationship between inner loop power control and


outer loop power control

SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of


decoding correctly. But different multi-path radio
environments request different SIR
Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SIR
to get a stable BLER in the changeable radio environment

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page45

Uplink outer loop power


control
Measure received data and
compare BLER in the TrCH

Set BLERtar

Measure and compare SIR

Out loop

Inner-loop

Set SIRtar

Transmit TPC

10-100Hz

RNC

UE

NodeB

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page46

Downlink outer loop power


control
Measure and compare BLER
1500Hz

L3
Outer
loop

10-100Hz
set SIRtar

Transmit TPC
Inner loop

NodeB

L1
Measure and compare SIR

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page47

Outer loop power control


SIR target adjustment
step

BLERmeas BLERt arg et

SIRtar SIRAdjustcoefficient * SIRAdjustStep *


BLERt arg et

Where
SirAdjustStep: Outer loop power control adjustment
step
SirAdjustFactor: Coefficient for outer loop power
control
BLERest: Estimated BLER
BLERtar: Target BLER
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page48

Outer loop power control

Uplink outer loop power control command transmit to


NodeB through DCH-FP of Iub interface

Node B

SRNC

Outer loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page49

Thank you
www.huawei.com

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