PIPING &

INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM
INTRODUCTION & HOW TO CREATE
TRAINING PT. WIJAYA KARYA
(PERSERO)
PT. TRACON
INDUSTRI
Trainer: Tanti Sofia Rasyid-Process

Piping & Instrumentation

Diagram (PID)

What is PID?
The Usage of
PID
PIDs Elements
How to Create
PID

Whats PID?
Diagram shows:
- Equipments system
- Piping system
Instrumentation/control
system

Equipment Systems:
- The path/flow of equipments (equipments
arrangements)
- Equipments types (tanks, rotating
equipments, pumps, blowers,mixers, heat
exchanger,etc).
- Equipments details (specification, dimension,
standards, connections, utility data, etc.)

Piping systems
- Piping preliminary arrangement information
- Piping standars (ANSI,JIS,etc)
- Piping specification
(material,pressure/temperature
rating,insulation,corrosion allowances,etc.)
- Piping (line number)

Instrumentation/control
system
- instrumentation system (local/remote
instrumentation)
- control system (PLC, DCS, control
valves,etc)
- safety system (PSV)

The Usage of PID

PID is implementation of process system conceptual
PID is a more complete-PFD with control system &
specification/details data
PID is input (upstream document) for other
engineering/procurement/construction disciplines
(material take off equipment, piping,
instruments,scope of supply checking,construction
stages,commissioning/start up sequences)
PID is the data source for analysis of hazardous
operation (HAZOP), risk mitigation of operation

Process Concept
Implementation
Research/development process flow
diagram,material/heat balance,utility
consumption,chemical reactions piping &
instrumentation diagram

PID is more complete PFD..

PFD + equipment sizing+instrumentation/control
system+details information = PID

PID is input (upstream document) for other

engineering/procurement/construction disciplines

PID isometric piping (and/or PDS) for

material take off piping (manual
valves,pipes,fittings,reducers,gaskets,etc.)
hook up drawing,wiring schematic,instrument
layout, control system for material take off for
instrument (bulk material and/or individual
instruments)

PID equipment list/specification, utility

consumption, connection rating
equipment supply PO (purchase
order)
test package construction/pre-start up,
performance/start up procedure

PID is data source for analysis of

Hazardous Operation & Risk
Mitigation of Operation

Hazardous Operation with/without

integration with existing
Risk mitigation of operation process
safety with/without integration with
existing

PIDs Elements
PID consists of:
Equipments symbol (complete with internal
and major parts
Instrumentation symbol
Piping symbols (line,reducer,etc)
Legends to explain the symbols
Battery Limit location (Tie-ins with existing and/or
vendors scope of supply,other partys scope)
Notice of revisions

 Title block to show title, project name,

person incharge, revision number, and
priority/important things

How to Create P&ID

Software used: AUTO CAD,Smart Plant, Micro
station, PDS,etc.
Choose PFD that would like to be developed as
PID
Divide PFD becoming some major equipments
One or 2 major equipments becomes 1 sheet of
PID

Major equipments: Tower, Furnace, Drum,

Reactor, Columns, Tankage

Non-major equipments: Pumps,

exchanger, reboilers, condenser

Major equipments should be drawn in PID refer

to:
Load sheets
Vessel sketch
exchanger setting plans

Major/non-major equipments should be named

as per name in Equipment List
Equipments should be completed with
necessary and (also) important information from
vendor/fabricator

How to draw the process lines..

process stream flow is drawn from left to
right
Line output from before PID should be in
the same location with line input from after
PID
Main process line should be in bold line.

 Vent line going up and drain line going down

Line to tube side of exchanger should be
from above side of shell.
Steam/condensate should leave the
exchanger from bottom side.
Line should represent the actual condition of
nozzles of equipments.
Control valve should be drawn in horizontal line
If horizontal and vertical line is meet in the one
point, vertical line should be cut.

 Destiny or source point of lines should

be drawn in PID

Manual valves
Gate valve, plug valve, ball valve:
usually used for blocking the line, fully
open/fully close
Globe valve: usually used for throttling,
because of high range of pressure drop
Butterfly valve: usually used for cooling water,
because of low pressure drop and rating
Check valve (swing & lift): usually used to
anticipate the back flow

Manual valve selection:

Project specification from client
Government regulation
Process requirement
Piping specification

 Block valve: not used for inlet/outlet of

process side of exchanger, except there is
exchangers spare/maintenance/process
requirement, and not used for overhead
condensing service, except for system
controlling.

Drain/vent line:
On the pipeline or equipment that
flammable, use double block valve.. The
upstream valve is gate valve and downstream
valve is globe valve.

Check valve: using double valve with the

arrangement:
Gate valve (upstream)check valve globe valve
(downstream)
Control valve: using double valve with type gate
valve and globe valve for the by pass line.
Relief valve (PSV): to relief over pressure in the
pressurized system, on the vessel/tower-PSV is installed
on the overhead circuit system.

How to give Line Number/Line Index..

Decide first line size

Line numbering consists information of
size/pipe dimension, fluid that flows inside
lines/piping, pipe class, insulations type and
insulation thickness (if any)
Line numbering will be a commitment between
client and contractors.

Instrumentation on PID..

meaning controlling system, pressure indicator,

temperature indicator, level indicator and flow
indicator. controlling & alarm
Instrumentation symbols on PID as per Instrument Society
of America (Standard and Practices for Instrumentation)
More detail information about instrumentation will be
informed by Instrumentation Department to Process
Department to be shown on PID.

Minimum information on Equipments

in PID:
Heater: heater type, radiation coil,convection coil,piping
system and the dimension,manifold of inlet & outlet for the
case of multi pass heaters,l build in-instrumentation
system,steam connection, sample gas connection,opening
access,information summary for equipments (such as type,
dimension, design temperature and pressure, and
material).

Tower/Vessel/Tank/Filter/Reactor:Equip

ment shape, tray, packing, catalyst, and filling

material,mesh blanket (if any), vortex breaker (if any),
demister (if any), piping system and dimension,built-in
instrumentation system,opening access,skirt height (if any
process requirement), vent and drain valves (if any),
steam tracing (if any), information summary for
equipments (such as type, dimension, design temperature
and pressure, and material),access for loading and
unloading packing,catalyst and filling material.

Heat Exchanger:Exchanger shape, nozzle

position,slope (if process required),back flushing (if process
required),tracing and insulation (if any), piping system and
dimension,built-in instrumentation system,opening access, vent
and drain valves (if any), information summary for equipments
(such as type, dimension, design temperature and pressure,
insulation type and material),spool in inlet and outlet of
exchanger (esp.for plate HE) for maintenance purposes, strainer
for inlet fluid flow that dirty or corrosive (esp.for plate HE).

Pump/compressor/blower:
Pump/compressor/blowers type, drivers type,connection
size/rating for suction/discharge line (if required),all connection
size/rating for process line (usually shown in vendors
documents), all connection size/rating for utility line (not shown in
vendors doc), all controlling and monitoring system to the main
process line,summary information (such as head,type,capacity,
insulation type and material), recycle lines,tracing and
insulation,inter stage coolers (if any),K/O drum,vent & drain
valves,accumulator,strainer, filter and silencer.

Steam Turbine: Turbine Type, Turbine Driver,

ump/compressor/blowers type, drivers type,connection
size/rating for suction/discharge line (if required),all
connection size/rating for process line (usually shown in
vendors documents), all connection size/rating for utility
line (not shown in vendors doc), all controlling and
monitoring system to the main process line,summary
information (such as head,type,capacity, insulation type
and material),vent & drain valves

Minimum Information of Instrumentation in

PID..
Heat tracing/jacket steam for instruments (if required),failure position
of control valve,limit switches,hand wheel for c/v (if any),instrumentation
nozzle (exc,for orifice tapping),tight shut off requirement (if
required),control valve sizing,set pressure of relief valve/rupture
disc,interlock number,scope of work/supply identification
(contractor,vendor or client),safe location description (venting linehazardous fluids)

Note: Drain valve for instruments system not necessary to be shown,

except if dispose to sewer.

How to draw instrumentation..

The figure of piping instrumentation (PG,PI
(PC),LG,LI(LC),analyzers,etc) will be simplified
after the first block valve.
The details of piping instrumentation will be
shown in hook up drawing.

The Briefs of
Instrumentations
Instrumentation Devices
Diaphragm type is used to measure level
and pressure of fluid with high solidity.
For the purposes of checking plant eficiency
and checking feed supply from other party,
flow meter should be provided with totalizer.

Flow meter selection:

press.drop,velocity,displacement.
Pressure drop:orifice plate (cheapest & simplest)
venturi tubes (low press.drop,available for dirty & slurry
fluids),target meter (expensive,solid and viscous
fluid),rotameter (low flow rate & local)
Velocity:magnetic flow meter (not available for HC),vortex
meter (liquid vortex meter-Re>10,000,vortex precision metergas,more accurate but expensive,vortex sheddingcheaper,HC).
Displacement:Turbine meter (clean fluid,not corrosive)

Interlock Signals/Shut Down

System
Flow instrument:FT to interlock should be different with FT for
controlling & indication, even using the same FE.
Level instrument:In the S/D Interlock System,LE for signal trip should be
different with LE for control & indication. LE for interlock common using
Level switch.
Pressure instrument:In the S/D Interlock System, PE (Duplex Type) for
activation signal trip (pressure switch or transmitter) should be different
with PE for control & indication.PS:vacuum-20 kG, PT:>20 kG.

Temperature instrument:In the S/D Interlock System,TE

(Duplex Type) should be different with TE for control &
indication.TE for indication LCP should be placed in
separated well from this TE.
Fuel gas to burner:should be completed with double
block and bleed valve to S/D system if there is fuel
failure.

Pre-Alarm: Warning before Trip/SD

Control valve: All should be controlled in CCR
Furnace: Instrumentation should be provided to
furnace system to guarantee the ignition can
perform well.
Instrument connection:see the table for
examples

The Briefs of Piping

System
Manual valves: by type,by function
By Type: Gate valve,globe valve,needle valve,
check valve,butterfly valve,ball valve, angle
valve
By function:Block valve & By pass valve

Block valve & By Pass Valve

Block valve at the battery limit of plant

Block valve & by pass valve for control valve
Block valve for safety valve/rupture discno
need to install block valve for safety valve
Block valve for water cooled exchangers
Block valve for pump, turbine and compressor
Block valve for branch of utility header

 Block valve for piping auxiliary

By pass valve for turbine meter
By pass valve for gate valves

Strainers: permanent, temporary

Permanent:pump suction (exc.cooling water pump-use
temporary strainer),motive steam line for steam jet ejector
and steam turbines,burner-main line of fuel supply,hydraulic
actuated equipment (hydraulic oil pump),pneumatic
actuated equipment (air supply),RO for gas/air/service
air/mixed air.
Temporary:pump suction during start up
Note:except that there is instrument air filter

Blinds/spacers: maintenance,inspection or changing of

operation mode

Vents & Drains: to dispose hazardous/non hazardous

agent
vent/drain for tower/drum
vent/drain for heat exchanger
vent/drain for pump
drain valve for steam trap
drain valve for CV
vent opening for atmospheric tank