1.2 Safety 2

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd
Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall
Chapter 2
Summary
The Bohr atom is a tool for visualizing atomic structure.

The nucleus is positively charged
and has the protons and neutrons.
Electrons are negatively
charged and in discrete shells.
The atomic number is the number
of protons and determines the
particular element.
In the neutral atom, the number
of electrons is equal to the
number of protons.
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Chapter 2
Summary
The outer shell is called the valence shell.Electronsinthis

shellareinvolvedinchemicalreactionsandinmetalsthey
accountforelectricalandthermalconductivity.
A neutral Si atom is shown.
There are 4 electrons in the
valence shell.
+
Shell1
Shell2
Shell3
Is Si a conductor, insulator,
or semiconductor?
Semiconductor
Chapter 2
Summary
There is a force (F) between charges. Like

charges repel; unlike charges attract.
The force is directly proportional to charge.
The force is inversely proportional to square of distance.
Chapter 2
Summary
Voltage (V) is the work (W) per charge (Q); it

is responsible for establishing current.
+
W
V
+
Q
+
Work is done as a charge is
+
moved in the electric field
+
from one potential to another.
+
Voltage is the work per charge
+
done against the electric field.
+
+
Chapter 2
Summary
Definition of voltage
V
W
Q
One volt is the potential difference (voltage) between

two points when one joule of work is used to move one
coulomb of charge from one point to the other.
Chapter 2
Summary
Voltage
Voltage is responsible for establishing current.
Sources of voltage
include batteries, solar
cells, and generators. A
Cu-Zn battery, such as
you might construct in
a chemistry class, is
shown.
e-
Zn2+
Zinc
(anode)
Zn+2e
e-
Copper
(cathode)
Cu 2++2e
Cu
ZnSO4
solution
Porous
barrier
CuSO4
solution
Chapter 2
Summary
Current (I) is the amount of charge (Q) that

flows past a point in a unit of time (t).
I
Q
t
One ampere is a number of electrons having a total charge of 1 C

move through a given cross section in 1 s.
What is the current if 2 C passes a point in 5 s? 0.4 A

Chapter 2
Summary
Resistance is the opposition to current.

One ohm (1 ) is the resistance if one ampere (1 A) is in a
material when one volt (1 V) is applied.
Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance.
G
1
R
Components designed to have a specific amount of resistance are

called resistors.
Colorbands
Resistancematerial
(carboncomposition)
Insulationcoating
Leads
Chapter 2
Summary
Color
Resistancevalue,firstthreebands:
Firstband 1stdigit
Secondband 2nddigit
*Thirdband multiplier(numberof
zerosfollowingthe2nddigit)
Fourthband tolerance
Digit
Multiplier Tolerance
Black
10 0
Brown
10 1
1%(fiveband)
Red
10 2
2%(fiveband)
Orange
10 3
Yellow
10 4
Green
10 5
Blue
10 6
Violet
10 7
Gray
10 8
White
10 9
Gold
5%
10 1
5%(fourband)
Silver
10%
10 2
10%(fourband)
Noband
20%
* Forresistancevalueslessthan10
,thethirdbandiseithergoldorsilver. Goldisforamultiplierof0.1andsilverisfor
amultiplierof0.01.
Chapter 2
Summary
What is the resistance and tolerance of
each of the four-band resistors?
5.1 k5%
k 5%
47 10%
1.0 5%
Chapter 2
Summary
Alphanumeric Labeling
Two or three digits, and one of the letters R, K, or M are
used to identify a resistance value.
The letter is used to indicate the multiplier, and its position
is used to indicate decimal point position.
Chapter 2
Summary
Variable resistors include the potentiometer

and rheostat. A potentiometer can be
connected as a rheostat.
R
The center terminal is connected to the wiper

Shaft
Wiper
Variable
(potentiometer)
Resistive
element
Variable
(rheostat)
Chapter 2
Summary
A basic circuit consists of 1) a voltage source,

2) a path and 3) a load. An example of a basic
circuit is the flashlight, which has each of these.
Switch
Metalreflector
Metalstrip
Spring
Chapter 2
Summary
An important
multipurpose
instrument is the
DMM, which can
measure voltage,
current, and
resistance. Many
include other
measurement
options.
OFF
VH
Hz
VH
mV H
V
A
1 0A
VV
4 0m A
COM
Chapter 2
Summary
You need to recognize safety hazards and know

what to do in an emergency. Read and review all of
the precautions given in the text. Some key ones
are:
Electrical
Shock - know the location of emergency shutoff.
Know and follow safety rules in the lab.
Electrical safety
Use Class-C extinguisher for electrical fires.
Be aware of burn hazards with jewelry.
Work area
A safe area is neat. The area should be inspected
regularly for hazards.
Chapter 2
Selected Key Terms
Ampere Theunitofelectricalcurrent
AWG (AmericanWireGauge)Astandardizationbased
onwirediameter
Charge Anelectricalpropertyofmatterthatexists
becauseofanexcessoradeficiencyof
electrons.Chargecanbeeither+or.
Circuit An interconnection of electronic components
designed to produce a desired result. A basic
circuit consists of a source, a load, and an
interconnecting path.
Chapter 2
Selected Key Terms
Conductance Theabilityofacircuittoallowcurrent.Theunit
isthesiemans(S).
Coulomb Theunitofelectricalcharge.
Current The rate of flow of electrical charge.

Electron Abasicparticleofelectricalchargeinmatter.
Theelectronpossessesanegativecharge.
Ground Thecommonorreferencepointinacircuit.
Ohm () Theunit of resistance.
Chapter 2
Potentiometer
Selected Key Terms

Athreeterminalvariableresistor.
Resistance The opposition to current. the unit is the ohm ().

Rheostat Atwoterminalvariableresistor.
Siemens Theunitofconductance
Volt Theunitofvoltageorelectromotiveforce.
Voltage Theamountofenergyperchargeavailableto
moveelectronsfromonepointtoanotherinan
electriccircuit.
Chapter 2
Quiz
1. The atomic number is the number of

a. protons in the nucleus
b. neutrons in the nucleus
c. protons plus neutrons in the nucleus
d. electrons in the outer shell
Chapter 2
Quiz
2. Valence electrons are

a. in the outer shell
b. involved in chemical reactions
c. relatively loosely bound
d. all of the above
Chapter 2
Quiz
3. The atomic particle responsible for electrical current in

solid metallic conductors is the
a. proton
b. electron
c. neutron
d. all of the above
Chapter 2
Quiz
4. The symbol for charge is

a. C
b.
c. Q
d. W
Chapter 2
Quiz
5. The definition for voltage is

Q
a. V
t
b. V
W
t
c. V
W
Q
d. V It
Chapter 2
Quiz
6. A battery stores
a. electrons
b. protons
c. ions
d. chemical energy
Chapter 2
Quiz
7. The unit of conductance is the

a. ohm
b. coulomb
c. siemen
d. ampere
Chapter 2
Quiz
8. A four-color resistor with the color bands gray-redblack-gold is

a. 73
b. 82
c. 680
d. 820
Chapter 2
Quiz
9. A 330 k 5% resistor has the color bands

a. red-red-brown-gold
b. orange-orange-yellow-gold
c. yellow-yellow-red-gold
d. yellow-yellow-green-gold
Chapter 2
Quiz
10. The circular mil is a unit of

a. length
b. area
c. volume
d. resistance
Chapter 2
Quiz
Answers:
1. a
6. d
2. d
7. c
3. b
8. b
4. c
9. b
5. c
10. b

1.2 Safety 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1.2 Safety 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 1

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

The Bohr atom is a tool for visualizing atomic structure.

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

The outer shell is called the valence shell.Electronsinthis

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

There is a force (F) between charges. Like

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Voltage (V) is the work (W) per charge (Q); it

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

One volt is the potential difference (voltage) between

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Current (I) is the amount of charge (Q) that

One ampere is a number of electrons having a total charge of 1 C

What is the current if 2 C passes a point in 5 s? 0.4 A

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Resistance is the opposition to current.

Components designed to have a specific amount of resistance are

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Variable resistors include the potentiometer

The center terminal is connected to the wiper

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

A basic circuit consists of 1) a voltage source,

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

You need to recognize safety hazards and know

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Selected Key Terms

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Selected Key Terms

Current The rate of flow of electrical charge.

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

Selected Key Terms

Resistance The opposition to current. the unit is the ohm ().

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

1. The atomic number is the number of

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

2. Valence electrons are

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

3. The atomic particle responsible for electrical current in

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

4. The symbol for charge is

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall

5. The definition for voltage is

Principles of Electric Circuits - Floyd