Reactive Dye and Disperse Dye

Prepared By :

Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir

ID: 2010000400008
13th Batch (session 2009-2013)
Department : Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com
Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit)

Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh

Chronology of Dye Companies

ICI
Mobay

Zeneca
Miles

BASF

DyStar

Bayer
DyStar

Sumitomo
Hoechst
Sodyeco
Sandoz
Sandoz
Ciba + Geigy

Clariant

Ciba-Geigy

Crompton and Knowles

Ciba
Yorkshire

Dyes
Dyeing Condition (pH)
Acid (Wool)
2-4, 4-6, 6-8 (depends
on types of dyes)
Acid (Nylon)
4.5-5.5, 6-7 (depends
on types of dyes)
Basic
3.5-4
Direct
7.0
Disperse (Polyester)
5-6
Disperse (Acetate)
6.5-7.0
Disperse (Triacetate)
4.5-6.5
Reactive
7.0 (Exhaustion)
11.0 (Fixing)
-------------------------

Textile Auxilaries
1. Salt - reduce negative charges on the fibers
2. Water - dyeing media
3. Soda Ash - excite the dye to link with the fibers with covalent bonding.
Therefore, it enhances wet fastness
4. Fixing Agent - enhance wet fastness for heavy shade but usually
reduce light fastness.

10

Textile Auxiliaries
1. Leveling agent - for levelness dyeing
2. Retarding agent - for inhibiting the dye not attach to fibers too fast
3. Acid - adjust the dyeing condition and make the fibers to show negative
charges
4. Water - dyeing media

2004

11

Introduction to Coloration & Finishing

Reactive Dyes
General Properties of Reactive dyes
water-soluble compounds
give excellent wet-fastness
easy to hydrolized
Enough simple dyeing proses
Choice of more complete available colour
Good colour resilience

Advantages of the Reactive Dyes

Permanency of the colour

Easy washing
Chemical Binding
Types of reactive dyes
Vinylsulphone Dye (VS)
Monochlorotriazine Dye (MCT)
Bi-functional Dye

Based on its reactivity , reactive dye divided 2 faction :

1. Hot reactive dyes

Reactive dyes which have low reactivity ( monochlorotriazin
faction )
Example of : Procion HE type ( ICI ) , Begative HE type
( Colorindo )

2. Cool reactive dyes

Reactive dyes which have high reactivity ( dichlorotriazin faction )
Example : Procion MX type ( ICI )

Illustrating reaction which happened by at dyeing process

between reactive dye with cellulose fibre

Side Reaction
Hydrolysis of dichlorotriazine
1.Results in wasted dye
2.Economic and environmental
concern
Typically fixation of around 60% is
obtained

Dyeing Conditions
Time allowed for diffusion of dye into substrate
Concentration of dye in fiber is up to 500 times greater than in
solution

Acidity difference creates ~25-fold excess cellulose anion

Leaving Groups
Variation of substituents = variations in fixation

Cold dyes = fixation temperature of 30-40C

Warm dyes = fixation temperature of 50-80C
Hot dyes = fixation temperature of >80C

22

REACTIVE DYES
This is an entirely class of dye
introduced to the market in 1956.
They react chemically with the fibre
being dyed & if correctly applied,
cannot be removed by washing or
boiling.

2004

23

REACTIVE DYES
The main feature of the
dyestuff is its low
affinity to cellulose;
therefore large
amounts of salt are
required to force its
deposition on he fabric.

2004

24

REACTIVE DYES
After this has been
achieved, addition of
alkali causes the
deposited dyes to react
with the fibre.
Only a successfully
concluded reaction
guarantees a fast dyeing.
Basically there are two
types of reactive dyes:
the cold dyeing & hot
dyeing types.
2004

25

REACTIVE DYES - USE:

Reactive dyes are used where
bright dyeing with high light &
wash fastness is required.
Cold dyeing is used extensively
in batik work.
Although some reactive
dyestuffs have been specially
modified to dye wool, their main
usage is in dyeing cotton linen &
viscose rayon.

2004

Yellow 2GL
Cold water fibre reactive
dyes, suitable for dyeing on
cotton, silk, jute, rayon &
hessian.
Cannot be used on
synthetics or fabric that
has been coated with resin
or drip-dry finish.

REACTIVE DYES

Golden Yellow 2RL

Orange 2R
Scarlet
Red BG (primary)
Red 4B (bluish red)
Red 8B (magenta)
Rubinole 5B
Brilliant Blue 2R
Brilliant Blue BL
Violet 2R
Turquoise 2G
Navy GRL
Brown 2R
Brilliant Green BL
Black B (blue base)
2004

Black 2B (green base)

26

Popular Dyes For Synthetic Fibers

DYES for SYINTHETIC FIBERS
Name of fibers

Name of common dyes that are used

Polyester

Disperse Dyes

Acetate (Cellulose acetate)

Doesn't take dyes ordinarily. It requires

cross dyeing.

Acrylic

Disperse dyes

Modacrylic

Fiber Reactive Dyes

Modal

Fiber Reactive Dyes

Nylon

Cationic Dyes, Acid Dyes, Disperse Dyes

Orlon

Disperse Dye

Rayon

Acetate Rayon Dyes

Saron

RIT Dyes

Spandex

Disperse Dyes

Vinalon

Doesn't take Dyes (in normal condition)

Vinyon

Doesn't take Dyes (in normal condition)

Disperse Dyes
DISPERSE DYES FOR DYEING IS DIVIDED BY 3 FACTION :
1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small
Example : Dispersol B ( ICI )
2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium
Example : Dispersol C ( ICI )
3. Disperse dyes of the size molecule big
Example : Dispersol D ( ICI )

29

Dye for Other Fibres:

Disperse
Dyes for
Polyester,
Acetate
Cationic
Dyes for
Acrylic
2004

2004

Classification of dyes
Main
Dye
General description
applicatio
Class
n
Disperse Require skill in application Mostly used
(either by carrier or under for
high temperature);
polyester
moderate price; complete & acetate;
colour range; limited
can also be
solubility in water
applied on
(normally dispersed in
nylon &
water for application); good Acrylic.
fastness
after reduction clearing
Introduction to Coloration &
30
Finishing

31

DISPERSE DYES

The introduction of a new regenerated cellulose

acetate fibre in 1920 led to the necessity to
develop an entirely new range of dyes.
It was found that acetate (or Celanese) fibre had
hardly any affinity for water-soluble dyes.
A new dyeing principle was introduced: dyeing
with water dispersed coloured organic
substances.
These finely coloured particles are applied in
aqueous dispersion to the acetate material &
actually dissolved in the fibres.
2004

32

DISPERSE DYES - USE:

Basically developed for dyeing of
acetate fibres, Disperse dyes are also
used for dyeing of polyamide (Nylon)
& acrylic (Orlon & Acrylan) fibres.
With the addition of 'carriers' or
swelling agents these dyes are also
used in dyeing of Polyester (Terylene,
Dacron, etc.)

2004

Advantage and disanvantage:

1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small
-

Dyeing levelness very good

Hot resilience low

Temperature dyeing low ( economical energy )

Usable for dyeing 130 0C with very by good level

2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium

-

Dyeing levelness good

Good colour resilience

Absorbtion dye into maximum fibre

Not sensitive to temperature and time

Accessible dye at characteristic temperature 130 C in a

short time

3. Disperse dye of the size molecule big

-

Resilience colour to temperature very good

Sensitive to time and temperature

Need to process reduction clearing ( RC )

Disperse Dyes for Polyester Dyeing Method

1. High temperature high pressure dyeing

dyeing at atmospheric pressure
Fixation 45 to 60 minutes at 120C t0 130C

2. Carrier dyeing
carried out under atmosphere pressure by an addition of carrier
Fixation 90-120 min at 100C.

3. Thermosol dyeing
continuous dyeing method
fixation dry heating for 60-120 sec. at 180- 210C (depending on
the form of the material and type of disperse dyes)

Dyeing of polyester/cotton blend

Three well known exhaust dyeing procedures :

(1) a conventional two bath procedure

(2) a reverse two bath procedure
(3) a one bath, multi step procedure

(1) The conventional two bath procedure

1. first dyed with a disperse dye at pH 5-7 at 120-140 C to dye the
polyester.
2. removed from this first dye bath and transferred to a second dye
bath containing a fiber reactive dye, electrolyte and alkali.

(2)The reverse two bath procedure

1.first dyeing the cotton with the fiber reactive dye
2. dyed the polyester with the disperse dye in separate dye baths.

(3) In the one bath multi-step procedure

1. a single dye bath is prepared and the cotton portion of the blend is
dyed alkaline conditions low temperature the presence of
electrolyte.
2.The dye bath is then acidified to lower the pH and a disperse dye is
added
the polyester portion of the blend is dyed at 120 C. to 130 C.

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