Study Skill

Referencing Guide

Citation and Referencing

To support the argument
Citation: referring the others in your text
indicating the background reading done
and support your content. Citation must
have reference at the end of the work on
full details.

Citation and Referencing

Plagiarism constitutes
Copying persons work without
acknowledgement
Close paraphrasing another person
Unacknowledgement quotation of phrases
or idea

Citation and Referencing

UCTI Referencing system: Harvard
Bibiliography items used in the
preparation but not necessarily cited.
Citation and referencing must exist in all
assignments, report, thesis, etc.
Refer http://library.apiit.edu.my/harvardreferencing

Three Steps to Avoiding

Plagiarism
Three issues that often result in plagiarism: unfamiliarity with the
concept of plagiarism; knowing how it occurs, and developing the
necessary academic skills to avoid plagiarism.
Step 1: Know what plagiarism is
Plagiarism is taking the ideas or words of others and passing them off
as your own. Plagiarism is a type of intellectual theft.
Step 2: Know how plagiarism happens
Most plagiarism is the result of underdeveloped academic skills.
Step 3: Develop effective academic skills
Most students who plagiarise do so unintentionally, usually because
they don't have the skills to avoid over-reliance on the work of others or
because they aren't sure what constitutes plagiarism. If they develop
their academic skills, the chances of plagiarism is greatly reduced.
Adapted from: http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/plagiarism/index.html

1. Authors name cited indirect:

it is good method used. This supported by David (2008) in his study..
2. Authors name cited direct:
David (2008, pp. 22-30) supports that
3. If to a work of part of research
Work family conflict increases stress (David, 2008).
4. If more than one author not cited directly:
Role overload constitutes the demand(David, 2008; Sarah 2006;
Xavier, 2010) chronological order
5. More than 4 authors:
Bailey, et al. (2006) stated that

6. Several work by one author:

..as identified by Lolu (2001,2004) that conflict
7. Corporation authors by organisation:
1st citation

it was found by Malaysian Trade Union Council (MTUC)

2nd citation

MTUC laid out the guideline

8. No author:
organising in management (Anon., 2006)
9. No date:
Aden(n.d.) found
10. Page numbers:
Dowry (2001,p.211) claims that work stress
(p. )Single page only

SEDDON, A., 2002, Research Methods and Proposal [online], England,

Staffordshire University, Available from
http://gawain.soc.staffs.ac.uk/~cmtas/teaching/rmp_page.htm, [Accessed
4th September 2003]

[Data do not belong to author]

11. Quoting portions:

The author identified that human performance
12. Quoting more than 50 words:
Factors that contribute to work family conflict as David (2008)
identified:
Role conflict and role overload at
13. Secondary source:
Some research carried out by Angelina (1998 cited in David,
2001,p.145) found
14. Tables and diagrams?? (United Nations,1975, cited in
Smith,2008,p.44)
15. Websites (go to UCTI library)

REFERENCING & BIBILIOGRAPHY

Book with one author:
1st edition:
Baron, D. P., 2008. Business and the organisation. Chester:
Pearson.
3rd edition
Redman, P., 2006. Good essay writing: a social sciences guide. 3rd
ed.London: Open University in assoc. with Sage.
Books with three or four authors:
Barker, R. Kirk, J. and Munday, R.J., 1988. Narrative analysis. 3rd
ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Books with more than four authors:

Grace, B. et al., 1988. A history of the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.
Edited books:
Silverman, D.F. and Propp, K.K. eds., 1990. The active interview.
Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Chapters of edited book:
Samson, C., 1970. Problems of information studies in history. In: S.
Stone,ed. 1980. Humanities information research. Sheffield: CRUS,
pp.44-68.

Or quote the book chapter

Ch.2

Book editor initial

Observe this

E-Books:
Author, Year, Title of book. [type of medium] Place of publication: Publisher. Followed by
Available through: include e-book source/database, web address or URL [Accessed
date].

Fishman, R., 2005. The rise and fall of suburbia. [e-book] Chester:
Castle Press. Available through: University College Technology and
Innovation Library <http://libweb.ucti.edu.my>[Accessed 7 June
2005].
Author,Year,Title [type of medium] Place of publication: Publisher
Available through: ebook source/database,web add or URL [Assessed date]

Journal Article from database:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Journal, [type of medium]
Volume number (Issue/Part number), Page numbers if available. Available
through:name of database [Accessed date].

Boughton, J.M., 2002. The Bretton Woods proposal: an in depth look.

Political Science Quarterly, [e-journal] 42 (6), Available through:
Blackwell Science Synergy database [Accessed 12 June 2005].
Newspaper article:
Author, Initials., Year. Title of article or column header. Full Title of Newspaper, Day and
month before page number and column line.

Jackson, G., 2005. Employees at stake: new issues for HR.

The STAR, 3 Oct. p.6b.
b indicates second
column of article

Online newspaper article

Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document or page. Name of
newspaper, [type of medium] Additional date information. Available at:.[name of
database]. [Accessed date].

Chittenden, M., Rogers, L. & Smith, D., 2003. Focus: Targetitis ails
NHS. Times Online, [online]1 June. Available at:
<http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article1138006.ec
>[Accessed 17 March 2005].

Annual report
Corporate author, Year. Full title of annual report. Place of publication: Publisher.

Marks & Spencer, 2004. The way forward, Annual report 2003-2004.
London: Marks & Spencer.
E-version of an annual report:
Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document or page. [type of
medium] Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform Resource Locator)
[Accessed date]

University College of Technology and Innovation

http://libweb.ucti.edu.my/referencing/harvard.htm 24
Human Development Index, 2004. Annual report 2005-2006. [online]
Available at: <http://www-human-development.co.uk/corporate/annual2003/>
[Accessed 4 June 2005]

Patent
Inventor name, Initial(s)., Assignee.,Year.Title. Place. Patent number
(status, if an application).
University College Technology and Innovation
http://libweb.ucti.edu.my/proquest/journal.htm 54

David, B.P., Ismail, M. and Gomez, T.M., 1982. Work Family Conflict in
oil and gas company employees. 4,555,235.

Conference paper
Authorship, Year. Full title of conference paper. In: followed by editor or name of
organisation, Full title of conference. Location, Date, Place of publication:
Publisher.

Brown, J., 2005. Evaluating surveys of transparent governance. In:

UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs),
6th Global forum on reinventing government: towards participatory and
transparent governance. Seoul, Republic of Korea 24-27 May 2005.
New York: United Nations.

Dissertation:
The required elements for a reference are:
Author, Year of publication. Title of dissertation. Level. Official name of
University.

Richard, D., 2005. Customer expectations measurement in developing

countries on cosmetic product. a case study. Ph. D. Roterdam
University.

Websites from world wide web:

Example 1:

NHS Evidence, 2003. National Library of Guidelines. [online] Available

at: <http://www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesFinder> [Accessed 10
October 2009 ]
Example 2:

National Electronic Library for Health, 2003. Can walking make you
slimmer and healthier? (Hitting the headlines article) [online] (Updated
16 Jan 2005) Available at:
<http://www.library.nhs.uk/rss/newsAndRssArticle.aspx?uri=http%3A
2F %2Fwww.library.nhs.uk%2Fresources%2F%3Fid%3D66149>
[Accessed10 April 2005].

Note: Referencing software available

Sample Article: Coping with multiple dimensions of work-family conflict
References:
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm
Petrie, A., 2003, UWE Library Services:Study skills - how to reference [online],
England, University of Western England, Available from
http://www.uwe.ac.uk/library/resources/general/info_study_skills/harvard...,
[Accessed 4th September 2003] compiled by Dr. Andy Seddon,
andy@apiit.edu.my