Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sejarah dan
pengembangan
akuntansi
Origins of double-entry
accounting
Also known as Italian bookkeeping because it
was promulgated by Italian traders
First-known double-entry accounting books are
those of Massari of Genoa in 1340
Luca Pacioli, a Franciscan friar, is credited with
introducing double-entry bookkeeping because his
is the first published discussion on the topic
(1494), in which:
he described the use of debits and credits to
secure a double entry
he advised the computation of a periodic profit
and the closing of the books
Cushings 11 developments
1. Introduction of specific journals
2. Periodic financial statements
3. Double-entry system extended to other types of
organisations, e.g. monasteries, the State
4. Separate inventory accounts for different types
of goods
5. Accounting acquired a better status,
characterised by:
need to inform absentee investors
need for auditing
need for cost accounting
reliance on concepts of continuity, periodicity
and accrual
History of accounting in
Australia
Same major phases as US accounting
For much of the 19th century, most
colonies adopted the British model of
companies legislation
Sydney Stock Exchange (SSE) also
influenced accounting practices:
from 1925, SSE demanded publication of
balance sheets and profit-and-loss
accounts
such disclosures sometimes preceded
legislation by many years
Institutional contribution
phase in Australia
Professional opinions on the general
principles of accounting practice were
released in 1937
The Commonwealth Institute of
Accountants (CIA) appointed a Committee
on Accounting Principles (CAP) in 1938
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in
Australia (ICAA) issued the first in a series
of Recommended Accounting Principles in
1944
Politicisation of accounting
phase in Australia
Corporate collapses of the 1960s led to the
introduction of legislation to regulate
accounting:
1983: Companies and Securities
Legislation (Miscellaneous Amendments)
Act 1983 (Cth) required companies to
comply with ASRB-approved accounting
standards
1991: Australian Accounting Standards
Board (AASB) was established