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Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory
drugs
1
2
CARDINAL SIGNS
OF
INFLAMMATION
Chronic proliferative:
tissue degeneration and
fibrosis
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4 )
(5)
ICAM-1
and
VCAM-1
MEDIATOR
VASO
DILATATION
Histamine
++
Serotonin
+/-
Bradykinin
+++
+++
Prostaglandin +++
s
+++
Leukotrienes
VASCULAR
PERMEABILT
Y
CHEMOTAXIS
+++
PAIN
+
_
Experimental injury
cascade
Biphasic
1 release of histamine,5 HT and kinins
2- release of prostaglandins
Parameter : Paw volume up to the ankle
joint is measured in treated and
untreated groups before and after
carrageenan
Advantage:
Simple ,easy, short lasting and
reproducible
Disadvantage :
Non specific and difficult to quantify
and examine cells & their modification by
anti-inflammatory drugs
Avoid in both the hind paws because of
unalleviated pain and deformity
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Carrageenan COX
Mustard
Dextran
Egg-white
Phlogistic
agents
Compound 48/80
Yeast, Zymosan-LOX
Serotonin, histamine
Kaolin
Substance p, nystatin, glass powder,
cobra venom
TUBE
A
TUBE
B
RAT PAW IS
IMMERSED
INTO
THE TUBE A
& THE
READING
IS CHECKED
THROUGH
THE TUBE B
SOME SET
UPS HAVE A
DIGITAL
DISPLAY
ATTACHED
TO IT
Inducer of arthritis:
Silver nitrate in the tibiotarsal joint of rats
Intra articular talc injections in pigeons
Locomotor activity with inflammed
paws
is impaired
Drugs effective: NSAIDS, steroids
,DMARDS
Anti-histamines
Induction of Pleurisy:
Carrageenan , turpentine, Evans blue, Arabic
gum, glycogen, dextran , antigens , microbes,
mast cell degranulators
3.
4.
1.
2.
Right
-Control
Inflammatory reaction
ASSESSMENT : by dye leakage or edema
Drugs effective :Cortisone , Salicylates
Local reaction
Parameters :
Foot thickness, wt, grip strength , deformity
measured
Evaluation of chronically administered drug against
inflammation
Drugs effective: Steroids ,Immunosuppressants,
gold ,d-penicillamine
Peak
Systemic disease
BCECF
labeled WBC
20 min
TNF-
as
reagent
HUVEC,
HMEC
20 min
Test
drug
No
drug
Test drug :
Blocks Adhesion
Drugs effective : NSAID ,chloroquine
Dianzani etal
the PMNs are challenged by FMLP to
generate 02- for screening antiinflammatory compounds
Superoxide production was measured
spectrophotometrically by measuring the
superoxide dismutase inhibitable
reduction
Drugs effective: Anti-oxidant drugs