SCOTLAND

In my defence, God me defend.

Miruna Cristina Necula

1 Humanidades.

Scotland

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Ql1VmaWEjX0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=i0MklIdTiaU

Scotland

Index

Scottish climate

History

Culture

Traditional Scottish Festivals

Famous Scottish people

Scottish climate

The climate of
Scotland is
temperate and
oceanic, and tends
to be very
changeable.
It has much milder
winters and cooler
wetter summers
than other areas in
the same latitude.

Scottish climate

However,
temperatures are
generally lower
than in the rest of
UK.

Scotland in winter

It had the coldest

ever UK
temperature of
-27,2C recorded at
Braemar, in the
Grampian
Mountains on 11th
February 1895.

Grampian Mountains

Scotland in winter

Heavy snowfall is
not common in the
Lowlands, but it
becomes more
common with the
altitude.

Braemar

Braemar has an
average of 59 snow
days per year,
while many
coastsal areas
average fewer than
10 days of lying
snow per year.

Scottish climate

The west of
Scotland is usually
warmer than the
east, owing to the
influence of Atlantic
ocean currents.

Sunshine

Tiree, is one of the

sunniest places in
the country.

Rain
Rainfall varies widely
across Scotland.

Highlands of Scotland

The western
Highlands of
Scotland are the
wettest.
Rainfall in a few
places exceeds
3,000 mm annually.

Lowlands

The Lowlands
recieve less than
800 mm annually.

History: Roman influence

It started when the Romans occupied

what is now England and Wales,
administering it as a province called
Britannia. Roman invasions and
occupations of southern Scotland
were a series of brief interludes.

History: Roman influence

According to the Roman historian

Tacitus, the Caledonians attacked
Roman forts and fought with their
legions, in a surprise night-attack.
They very nearly wiped out the whole
9th Legion until it was saved by
Agricolas cavalry.

History: Roman influence

The Romans
erected Hadrians
Wall to control
tribes on both sides
of the wall, and
that was the
northern border of
the Roman Empire.

Hadrians Wall

Antonine Wall

Although the army

held the Antonine
Wall in the Central
Lowlands for two
short periods.

History: Roman influence

The Roman military occupation of a

significant part of what is now northern
Scotland lasted only about 40 years,
although their influence on the southern
section on the country, would still have
been considerable between the first and
fifth centuries.

History: Middle ages

The kingdom of the

Picts was the state
that eventually
became known as
Scotland. The
development of
Pictland was a
natural response to
Roman imperialism.

History: Middle ages

By the 10th
century, the Pictish
kingdom was
dominated by what
we can recognise
as Gaelic culture.

History: Middle ages

After the add of

some areas, the
kingdom acquired
control of the lands
lying to the north
and south.
By the end of the
13th century, the
kingdom had
assumed
approximately its
modern borders.

However, processes
of cultural and
economic change
in the 12th century,
made certain that
Scotland looked
very different in the
later middle ages.

History: Middle ages

The push for this

change was the
reign of David I and
the Davidian
Revolution.
Feudalism,
government
reorganisation and
the first legally
recognised towns
began in this
period.

History: Middle ages

In the year 1290,

the heiress to the
throne, Margaret,
died. Sir Edward I
of England claimed
the right to bestow
the Crown and
made John Balliol
the King.

History: Middle ages

When Edward
sought help from
John against the
French, John
entered into an
alliance with France
(Englands enemy),
called auld
alliance.

History: Middle ages

Edward crossed the

Scottish border, took
John prisioner and
proclaimed himself
the King of Scotland.
The Scots werent
very impressed with
the change and they
rose again led by Sir
William Wallace. He
was brutally executed.

History: Middle ages

Robert the Bruce

followed in
Wallaces foot steps
and fought against
the English in 1314.
Only in 1328,
Edward III formally
recognized
Scotlands
independece.

History: Early modern era

After that, James IV

of Scotland married
Margaret, the
daughter of Henry
VII of England.
When he died the
throne went to his
baby daughter,
Mary Stuart.

History: Early modern era

Mary was driven

out by John Knox
who was a follower
of John Calvin, one
of the leaders of
the reformations.
Mary returned to
Scotland, but she
was captured and
imprisioned.

History: Early modern era

She escaped and

fled to England,
where Queen
Elizabeth I captured
her and executed
her.

History: Early modern era

Marys son, James VI,

was brought up as a
Presbyterian and took
over the throne of Queen
Elizabeth when she died.
Scotland and England
were united under one
single king, however,
Scotland remained a
separate state with its
own parliament and
government.

History: 18th century

The age-old rivalry

between Scotland
and England ended
formally in 1707
when the
parliaments of both
nations agreed to
the Act of Union.

This act incorporated

the parliaments of
the two nations and
established the
Kingdom of Great
Britain.
Eventually a new
Scottish parliament
was established in
Edinburgh to
oversee the territory
of Scotland.

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

St Andrews Day: it is celebrated on

the 30th of November. Its Scotland
official national day. It is marked with
a celebration of Scottish culture with
traditional food, music and dance.
Schools across Scotland hold special
St Andrews Day events and
activities: art shows, Scottish country
dancing, reciting and writing poems..

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

This day is also seen as the start of a

season of Scottish winter festivals
broading St Andrews Day, Hogmanay
and Burns Night.
In Edinburgh, there is a week of
celebrations, concentrating on
musical entretainment and traditional
ceilidh dancing.

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx
7v8JLn8jg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=62sim5knB-s

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

Hogmanay: is the
Scots word for the
last day of the year
and is the same as
the celebration of
the New Year in the
Scottish way.

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

The Burning of the Clavie: its a fire

festival unique to Burghead, which greets
the New Year. Its celebrated on 11th
January. The significance of that date,
dates back to the 1750s, when the Julian
calendar was reformed in Britain, and the
new Gregorian calendar was introduced.
People took part in a violent public
disturbance, demandig back their 11
days, but not in Burghead.

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

They decided to have the best of

both world, by celebrating the New
Year twice, on 1st January and the
11th January.

https://vimeo.com/18847640

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

Burns Supper: is a
celebration of the life
and poetry of the poet
Robert Burns, on 25th
January.
It may be formal or
informal. Both typically
include haggis, Scotch
Whiskey and the
recitation of Burns
poetry.

Scotland Haggis

Its a pudding
containing sheeps
pluck minced with
onion, oatmeal,
spices and salt.

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

Beltane Festival: it is held on 1st May.

It is the Gaelic May Day Festival.
Beltane is mentioned in some of the
earliest Irish literature and its
associated with important events in
Irish mythology. It marked the
beggining of summer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=i6cpGIBqqXo

Traditional Scottish
Festivals

Up Helly Aa: its a fire festival held in

Shetland, Scotland, annually in the
middle of winter to mark the end of
the yule season. The festival involves
a procession up to a thousand guizers
formed into squads who march
through the town in a variety of
themed costumes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qR7uiGVK0sQ

Culture: Art

In the 18th century

Scotland began to
produce artists that
were significant
internationally, all
influenced by
neoclassicism.

Allan Ramsay
Gavin Hamilton
John Runciman
Alexander
Runciman
Jacob More
David Allan

Allan Ramsay

Gavin Hamilton

Jacob More

Famous Scottish People

Famous Scottish People

Famous Scottish People

Movies filmed in Scotland

Braveheart
Trainspotting
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
The Da Vinci Code
Captain America
One Day
Prometheus
The Dark Knight Rises
Brave
Skyfall
World War Z
Outlander (Tv)